Fertility

What are the common causes of failure to cycle in female livestock?

Failure to observe oestrus, metabolic diseases, pregnancy, uterine infection, cystic ovarian disease, calf at foot.

What are the potential causes of failure to conceive in livestock?

Improper insemination, infectious causes, toxins, iatrogenic factors, and sire choice.

What disease is known to cause early embryonic death (EED) and delayed return to oestrus?

Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD).

Which infectious disease causes temporary ovarian necrosis and reduces conception rates?

Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR).

What is leptospirosis known to cause in terms of fertility issues?

Poor fertility and early embryonic death due to endometrial inflammation.

What is the zoonotic disease associated with poor fertility and is considered notifiable?

Brucella.

What complications can Campylobacter cause in livestock reproduction?

Endometritis, failure to conceive, early embryonic death, abortion, irregular oestrus cycle.

What are the effects of Trichomonas on fertility?

Causes early embryonic death, pyometra, endometritis, long return to service.

What factors affect oestrus detection in cows?

Ability to express oestrus behavior, environment, nutrition, genetics, errors in detection techniques.

List factors affecting conception rates in livestock.

Nutrition, AI technique and handling, disease presence, and bull condition.

What are the common conditions affecting male fertility related to the scrotum?

Orchitis and dermatitis.

What is cryptorchidism in bulls?

A condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum.

What are common infectious causes of infertility in bulls?

BVD, IBR, blue tongue, brucella, campylobacter, Johne’s, mycoplasma, leptospirosis.

What external factors can cause abnormal sperm production in bulls?

Heat and stress.

What does anoestrus mean?

Absence of oestrus cycles.

What can cause anoestrus in female livestock?

Unobserved oestrus, metabolic diseases, uterine disease, pregnancy, or suckling beef calves.

How does nutritional disease relate to fertility?

It can lead to failure to cycle, anoestrus, and low conception rates.

What is one of the effects of Excessive Protein related to conception rates?

It can negatively impact conception rates.

What role does the timing of observation play in oestrus detection?

Incorrect timing may lead to failure to detect oestrus accurately.

What are some heat detection aids that can assist in oestrus detection?

Pedometers, chalk, and synchronization protocols.

What impact does lameness have on fertility?

It can reduce overall conception rates and reproductive performance.

How can inadequate nutrition affect the reproductive performance of livestock?

Can lead to metabolic disorders that affect cycling and conception.

What is the impact of sire choice on fertility?

Choosing a sire with poor fertility can decrease conception rates.

What is the significance of checking for pregnancy before administering PGF2a?

It prevents causing harm to an existing pregnancy and ensures proper treatment.

How can a calf at foot affect the fertility of beef cattle?

It may increase the challenges of returning to service and affect cycling.

What is one potential consequence of improper insemination in livestock?

Failure to conceive.

Why is it important to observe cows in the heat detection process?

To accurately identify ovulation and time insemination effectively.

What does NEB stand for and how does it influence fertility?

Negative Energy Balance; it can affect metabolic health and cycling.

What does the term 'cystic ovarian disease' refer to?

A condition that disrupts normal ovulation and can lead to fertility issues.

What can result from iatrogenic factors in livestock reproduction?

Unintended harm or altered reproductive outcomes due to improper medical treatment.

How does infection at breeding impact early embryonic development?

It can lead to early embryonic death.

What is a notable consequence of chronic metritis in female cattle?

It can lead to anoestrus and decreased fertility.

Why might genetics influence a cow's ability to express oestrus behavior?

Certain genetic traits can determine behavior and reproductive capability.

What is one reproductive effect of mycotoxins in livestock?

They can lead to reproductive failure and low fertility rates.

What role do environmental conditions play in reproductive success?

Poor environments can inhibit cow behavior and reduce fertility.

What is the importance of observing lameness in fertility assessments?

Lameness can significantly affect a cow's ability to mate and conceive.