Unit 9 AP World History TEST

Which of the following types of data would most likely demonstrate a positive effect of economic globalization and thereby undermine the authors' argument regarding free trade?

B. Data on employment levels and personal disposable income in Pacific Rim Asian countries in the 1990s

In the broader context of the 1990s, which of the following most likely limited the popular appeal of protests against the "global economic system" such as the ones called for in the passage?

The collapse of the Soviet Union and the resulting absence of alternatives to the Western-dominated political and economic order

In the broader context of the 1990s, which of the following most likely limited the popular appeal of protests against the "global economic system" such as the ones called for in the passage?

The anti-globalization movement encompassed too many different groups around the world and advocated too many different goals to be truly effective.

Based on the image and its historical context, which of the following can best be inferred about the artist's primary purpose in creating the painting?

To offer an ironic commentary on the triumph of Western consumer culture in communist China

The policies pursued by the Chinese government starting in the 1980s, which led to the economic situation reflected in the painting, are best seen as an example of which of the following late twentieth-century

Economic liberalization

In which of the following twentieth century historical contexts would artists have been most likely to display works that carry messages similar to that conveyed by Wang Guangyi's painting?

Russia after the end of the Cold War

Which of the following twentieth-century processes contributed most directly to the adoption of the system of cultural values to which Banksy alludes in Image 1 ?

Greater industrial productivity and new technologies led to increased availability of consumer goods.

Artists such as Banksy would most likely argue that the conditions in Africa alluded to in Image 2 are, in large part, the result of which of the following?

International economic organizations imposing free market reforms on African states

Based on the images, Banksy's work best illustrates which of the following?

The spread of social protests against the inequalities of global economic integration

Which of the following was the most direct outcome of the conflict between Great Britain and the Ottoman Empire referred to in the passage?

The Ottoman Empire collapsed.

What was the leading cause of the unprecedented increase in global population in the twentieth century?

The impact of medical innovations and public health measures

Which of the following was the leading cause of the huge global population increase in the twentieth century?

The impact of public health measures

The response by the author to the idea of being sent to Vietnam to "kill wretched people living far away" best exemplifies which of the following late twentieth-century global processes?

Individuals challenging established racial and cultural assumptions

Which of the following post-1945 processes in Western Europe was most directly inspired by the "sea-change" in Europeans' political and social attitudes described by Mazower in the last sentence of the first paragraph?

The initial steps toward European economic and political integration

Mazower's interpretation in the passage is most clearly informed by which of the following?

Postcolonial critiques of imperialism

Which of the following was a major factor that contributed to changes in family dynamics in both Great Britain and Japan during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

The increased number of women in the workforce

Which of the following global economic developments most directly contributed to the trend shown in the chart after 1980?

The increased shifting of global manufacturing to the Pacific Rim

The demographic changes in the chart also contributed most directly to which of the following in China after circa 1990?

The emergence of environmentalist movements advocating for policies to curb air and water pollution

Which of the following features of communist China in the late twentieth century most likely enabled its government to carry out the policy shown in the image?

Its totalitarian system

The poster could best be used to illustrate which of the following global trends in the post-Second World War period?

The tendency of governments to take a strong role in guiding their countries' economic and social development

Which of the following most likely expresses the poster's main message regarding the one-child policy?

The policy would guarantee China's future prosperity and progress.

Which of the following was the most direct consequence of the widespread availability of a reliable birth control pill during the twentieth century?

An increased participation of women in the workforce

In developed countries during the second half of the twentieth century, more effective methods of contraception contributed to which of the following?

Greater control by women over their own fertility

The corporate philosophy reflected in the two passages most directly contributed to which of the following?

The shift of manufacturing capacity from the postindustrial countries of the West to the new manufacturing centers in Asia and Latin America

The views expressed in the two passages were most directly enabled by which of the following economic trends in the late twentieth century?

The governments of many developed Western countries adopted policies of economic liberalization and deregulation.

In the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, which of the following was most directly a response to the business philosophy expressed in the two passages?

Antiglobalization activism

Which of the following was the most recent to experience rapid growth in industrial output?

Brazil

The chart and map best illustrate which of the following aspects of human interactions with the environment in the late twentieth century?

Economic development policies intensified competition over limited natural resources.

On a global scale, which of the following directly prevented problems such as those alluded to in the map and graph from leading to population decline in the late twentieth century?

The increases in average agricultural yields per acre brought about by the Green Revolution

Which of the following additional pieces of information would be most directly useful in assessing the extent to which the developments reflected in Source 2 represent a threat to Iraq's economy?

Information on the percentage of Iraqi agriculture that depends on irrigation

Historians argue that the twentieth century marks a significant break in world history for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Low-wage laborers migrated from continent to continent.

Which of the following contributed most to the demographic changes shown on the graph above?

Diffusion of Green Revolution technology

A supporter of free-market policies in the late twentieth century would have most likely explained that the policy argued for in the passage did not sufficiently

liberalize the Chinese economy because only fourteen cities were opened to foreign investment and trade

All of the following statements about the 1980s and 1990s are factually accurate. Which could have best been cited at the time to explain a limitation in Deng Xiaoping's arguments about the benefits of enacting the reforms proposed in the passage?

The Soviet Union collapsed in part because the implementation of economic liberalization policies exposed the weakness of its economy.

Which of the following economic developments in the late twentieth century could best be cited to explain a limitation of the path of economic development alluded to in the passage?

While economic liberalization in Asian states such as China made Asia a center of global manufacturing, Western states became knowledge economies, which allowed for higher wages and standards of living for their populations.

A demographic trend in industrialized countries worldwide in the late twentieth century was

a decline in family size

Which of the following best explains the differences in the major causes of death experienced by high-income countries versus low-income countries during the early twenty-first century?

Changing lifestyle habits and greater longevity in high-income countries

The rise to economic prominence of many East Asian nations in the 1980s and 1990s entailed

The emphasis on producing high-value consumer goods for export

Which of the following was a significant environmental effect of the globalization of the world's economy in the period 1980 to the present?

While air and water quality generally improved in the developed world, they deteriorated in many parts of the developing world.

Based on the passage, FARC was most likely reacting against which of the following developments in the late twentieth century?

The extensive influence of global financial institutions on developing countries

The conditions described in the passage are best seen as a continuation of which of the following nineteenth-century developments?

The practice of economic imperialism by industrialized states

Which of the following offers the best interpretation of the passage above?

The use of sports to project national and social aspirations

Some historians have argued that at the end of the twentieth century, many governments encouraged free-market economic policies.

The creation of a legal framework for privatization of previously state-owned enterprises in China

The graph above indicates which of the following?

The gap between per capita incomes in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa appears to be widening.

Keshavarz' analysis in the third paragraph of the difficulties of growing Iran's population best reflects which of the following demographic realities in the early twentieth century?

Diseases associated with poverty and underdevelopment were still prevalent in most world regions.

In the late twentieth century, which of the following factors would most directly enable governments around the world to achieve the public policy goals outlined in Keshavarz' article?

Advances in medicine, such as vaccines and antibiotics

Which of the following was a major effect of the globalization of the world economy during the last decade of the twentieth and the first decade of the twenty-first century?

Rapid economic growth in many countries that lowered trade barriers and increased their participation in global trade

The overall trend in global carbon dioxide emissions as shown in Graph 1 was primarily caused by the

increased use of petroleum and other fossil fuels

The environmental processes illustrated by the two graphs are most closely associated with

A decline in air and water quality in many regions

The trends for China and India in Graph 2 are best understood in the context of the

shift of industrial production toward Asia beginning in the late twentieth century

The trend in Graph 1 most directly led to which of the following?

Debates regarding the causes and extent of humanity's contributions to climate change

Which of the following was the most immediate cause of global economic integration in the late twentieth and early twenty-first century?

Decreases in the cost of long-distance communication and transportation

Which of the following is characteristic of the Green Revolution of the 1960s through the 1980s?

It used new technologies to increase agricultural yields in developing regions.

Which of the following contributed most to the development of the process that Friedman labels Globalization 3.0?

The invention of the Internet and the increased availability of personal computers

Which of the following best explains how the technological processes, reflected in the image, influenced the twentieth-century world?

The release of greenhouse gases contributed to debates about the nature of climate change.

Which of the following international organizations were founded upon principles that were in direct opposition to the approach to international politics advocated in the second paragraph?

Collective security and cooperation organizations, such as the League of Nations and the United Nations

The economic trends shown in the table for the period 1958-1975 most directly illustrate which of the following changes in the global economy in the second half of the twentieth century?

The shift of manufacturing to East and Southeast Asia

Kartini's goals were most clearly advanced by which of the following during the early twentieth century?

New concepts of rights and citizenship

The author's perspective in Source 2 best illustrates the fact that

notions of women's inferiority were still widespread, even among advocates for greater women's rights

Which of the following late-twentieth-century developments most directly helped resolve the dilemma (expressed in Source 1) between producing enough food and producing cash crops to grow the economy?

The Green Revolution

Based on the two passages, the authors would most likely have agreed that

international organizations dedicated to maintaining world peace need to have effective enforcement mechanisms

Which of the following is a similarity between the two historical interpretations above?

Both interpretations offer critical evaluations of the effectiveness of international organizations relative to their respective missions.

Based on the passages, which of the following best explains why Luard's assessment of the League of Nations in Source 1 differs from Gray's assessment of the United Nations in Source 2?

Source 2 considers both intended and unintended effects, making it more nuanced than Source 1.

During the 1980s and continuing into the 1990s, the governments of Argentina, Brazil, and Chile moved politically toward

representative democracy

Which of the following examples best represents the philosophy of liberation theology as expressed by Guitiérrez in the passage above?

Latin American religious clergy fought for economic and social justice.

Which of the following late-twentieth-century developments best explains why Mejía Godoy's characterizations of Christ and Pontius Pilate in the poem might have resonated with people living in Nicaragua in the 1970s?

Economic inequalities between rich and poor countries increased.

The poem can best be seen as an example of the way in which literature and the arts in the late twentieth century became expressions of

activism and political engagement

Mejía Godoy's interpretation of Christianity in the poem most clearly shows that rights-based movements in the late twentieth century were directly influenced by which of the following?

Socialist ideas

The document is best understood in the context of which of the following global developments after 1900?

Greater freedom of women to make professional and personal choices

Which of the following types of sources would likely be most useful in evaluating the effectiveness of the 1950 marriage law in bringing about social change in China?

A private diary by a married woman describing her daily work and family-related responsibilities

Which of the following would most directly challenge the author's argument that people all over the world aspire to imitate the West?

The growth of fundamentalist religious movements advocating theocratic government

Changes in the overall number of nuclear weapons shown in the table contributed most directly to which of the following international developments?

International efforts to promote peace and security

The primary technology shown in the table contributed most directly to advances in which of the following areas?

Energy production

Which of the following was an important effect of the petroleum revolution from 1880 to 1920?

Industrial production increased.

The chart above proves which of the following?

The female population of the four Latin American countries listed is greater than the male population.

As outlined in the second paragraph, the changes in Rabuka's political rhetoric between 1987 and 1997 were most likely a result of which of the following?

The spread of democratization and economic globalization in the modern world

Which of the following best explains the change in energy consumption in the time period from 1850 to 2000 C.E.?

New technologies that enhanced production through the use of petroleum and nuclear power

Which of the following was the most direct result of the attitude toward the environment reflected in the passage?

Desertification and increased competition for natural resources

Which of the following factors contributed most to women gaining the right to vote in industrialized countries between 1914 and 1950?

In the First and Second World Wars, women made highly visible contributions to the war effort.

Based on the passage, anti-malarial programs in the twentieth century are broadly illustrative of health-care efforts to combat which of the following types of diseases?

Diseases associated with poverty

As outlined in the passage, the institutions involved in twentieth-century anti-malarial efforts best illustrate the link between global public health efforts and

the development of organizations to safeguard international peace

Based on the discussion in the second paragraph, which of the following best describes the relationship between advances in medicine and public health efforts in the twentieth century?

Political and economic factors stood in the way of advances in medicine living up to their full global potential.

Based on the arguments in the passage, which of the following developments most likely influenced the ideas of the author?

Rights-based movements about ethnicity, class, and religion

Which of the following aspects of the historical situation in India at the beginning of the twenty-first century is most significant in understanding the menu items illustrated in the image?

The increasing globalization of consumer culture

Which of the following aspects of the development of international businesses in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries best explains why the Subway corporation chose to include the specific items shown on the menu?

International corporations sought to adjust to the cultural preferences of local or regional markets.

Considering the context of the global economy in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, all of the following would represent corporate efforts to appeal cross-culturally to new consumers or audiences EXCEPT

a Brazilian television channel broadcasting a match of Brazil's national soccer team playing in a tournament in Germany

Based on the trends shown in the graph, which of the following best describes the populations of Sweden and Mexico at the end of the twentieth century?

Sweden's population was stable, while Mexico's population was still growing.

Based on the graph, the increased availability of antibiotics and vaccines after circa 1955 is most clearly associated with

a greater decline in the death rates for Mexico than in the death rates for Sweden

Based on the graph, which of the following events or processes in the twentieth century is associated with the greatest rate of decrease in Mexico's birth rate?

Greater availability of more effective family-planning techniques after circa 1970

Since the late twentieth century, many scientists have argued that the temperature trend after 1800 was most directly influenced by which of the following?

Industrialization and pollution

By 1980 most industrialized countries reached a fairly stable population level, but population growth in nonindustrialized countries continued at a very high rate. The most likely explanation for this difference is that

children are a more important source of labor in agricultural than in industrial societies

The evidence from all of the case studies most strongly illustrates which of the following developments in the twentieth century?

Human societies increasing cooperation and introducing new methods to address environmental challenges

The solutions implemented in the case studies were most directly in response to which of the following developments in the twentieth century?

The rapid growth of human populations increased competition for natural resources and placed enormous pressures on the environment.

The agricultural methods implemented in the third case study could be directly applied to reduce the threat from all of the following environmental or economic challenges that arose during the twentieth century EXCEPT

nuclear proliferation

Research on which of the following subjects would be the best example of the approach described in the excerpt above?

The lives of Amerindians engaged in the North American fur trade

The declaration is an example of which of the following post-Second World War developments?

The efforts of international organizations to promote human rights

All of the following statements are factually accurate. Which would most directly support the claim in the first paragraph that "Scientists have reached general agreement in recognizing that mankind is one: that all men belong to the same species, Homo sapiens"?

The declaration was signed by experts from many countries with racially and culturally diverse populations.

The population trend shown in the table for sub-Saharan African states such as Angola and Zimbabwe in the period 1950-2000 most likely reflects which of the following?

The greater availability of vaccines

Which of the following most likely accounts for the extent of the population changes for Argentina, Brazil, and Saudi Arabia in the period 1950-2000?

The introduction of agricultural techniques associated with the Green Revolution

During the second half of the twentieth century, population trends in which of the following regions most strongly contrasted with the overall trends illustrated in the table?

North America