Resp Fill-in 12-19

The process of air flowing into the lungs is called __.

Inspiration

Air leaves the lungs during __.

Expiration

The __ is a dome-shaped muscle that contracts during inhalation to help lungs expand.

Diaphragm

The __ are muscles between the ribs that assist in expanding and contracting the chest cavity during breathing.

Intercostal Muscles

The areas of the brainstem that control breathing rhythm are the and .

Medulla & Pons

The normal breathing rate (12–15 respirations per minute) is referred to as __.

Eupnea

Deep or forceful breathing, often during exercise, is known as __.

Hyperpnea

The movement of air into and out of the lungs is also known as __.

Pulmonary Ventilation

Gas exchange between the alveoli and the blood in pulmonary capillaries is called __.

External Respiration

The transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide by the bloodstream to and from tissues is referred to as __.

Respiratory Gas Transport

Gas exchange between the blood and tissue cells is known as __.

Internal Respiration

The thin membrane where the alveolus and capillary meet is called the __.

Air-blood Barrier

The passive movement of gases across the air-blood barrier based on concentration gradients is called __.

Simple Diffusion

__ are immune cells that defend the alveoli from pathogens and particles.

Macrophages (in lungs)

Substance produced by alveolar cells to reduce surface tension and keep alveoli open is called __.

Lung Surfactant

A respiratory disorder where airways are overly sensitive and inflamed, leading to difficulty breathing is called __.

Asthma

Ongoing inflammation of respiratory mucosa that causes excessive mucus production is known as __.

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic lung condition where alveolar walls are damaged, reducing gas exchange and elasticity is called __.

Emphysema

A group of disorders that obstruct airflow, including asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema, is referred to as __.

COPD