AP EURO CHAP 4

Baroque

a style of art marked by heart and dramatic ornamentation and curved rather than straight lines that flourished between 1550 and 1750; especially associated with the Catholic Counter-Reformation

Battle of Lepanto

October of 1571, a holy league of Wpain, Venice, Genoa, and the pope that defeated the Ottoman navy in the largest naval battle of the sixteenth century.

Cardinal Granvelle

In 1561,tried to reorganize the Netherlands to tighten the control of the Spanish monarchy over the country

Catholic League

In France, the league formed by Henry of Guise in 1576 to enforce absolute religious unity in France.

Cogregationalist

put a group or assembly above any one individual and preferred an ecclesiastical polity that allowed each congregation to be autonomous or self governing

Counter Reformation

The sixteenth-century reform

movement in the Roman Catholic Church in reaction to the Protestant Reformation.

Duke of Alba

Spanish general and governor sent by

Philip II into the Netherlands to suppress the revolt in 1567 and root out heretics.

Edict of Nantes

(April 13, 1598) A formal settlement

announced by Henry IV to recognize minority religious rights in France.

Edict of Restitution

(1629) An attempt by Ferdinand I, the Holy Roman Emperor, to reassert the Catholic safeguards of the Peace of Augsburg.

Gustavus Adolphus II

The Swedish king who led the Protestant forces to a decisive victory at Breitenfeld in 1630.

Huguenots

French Calvinists.

Pacification of Ghent

(November 8, 1576) The union

against Spain of the ten largely Catholic southern provinces with the seven largely Protestant northern: provinces of the Netherlands.

Peace of Beaulieu

(May 1576) Peace in which Henry W of France granted religious and civil freedom to the Huguenots.

Politiques

Rulers or people in positions of power who put the success and well-being of their states above all else.

Presbyterians

Scottish Calvinists and English Protestants

who advocated a national church composed of semiautonomous congregations governed by "presbyteries."

Presbyters

Meaning "elder." People who

directed the affairs of early Christian congregations.

Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre

(August 24, 1572) The slaughter of thousands of Huguenots carried out during three days of coordinated attacks across France.

Thirty- Ninee Articles

(1563) The official statement of the beliefs of the Church of England that established a moderate form of Protestantism.

Thirty years’ War

(1618-1648) The culmination and the most destructive of the European wars of religion, which took place in the Holy Roman Empire.

Treaty of Westphalia 

(1648)Peace that ended all hostilities within the Holy Roman Empire, whose terms shaped the map of northern Europe and established the concept of sovereign states.

William of Orange

The leader of a movement for the independence of the Netherlands from Spain.