Honors Biology - Unit 3

d. All of them

Which of the following types of cells has a cell membrane?

a. Plant

b. Animal

c. Bacteria

d. All of them

Eukaryotic

Which type of cells would you expect fungi to have?

Prokaryotic

Which type of cells would you expect bacteria to have?

Eukaryotic

Which type of cells would you expect protists to have?

Eukaryotic

Which type of cells would you expect plants and animals to have?

Prokaryote

This type of cell does NOT have a nucleus

Eukaryote

This type of cell is more complex

Prokaryote

This type of cell is small in size

Eukaryote

This type of cell has membrane-bound organelles

d. All cells are prokaryote at some stage

Which of the following is NOT part of the cell theory?

a. Cells come from other cells

b. All living things are made of cells

c. Cells are the basic units of structure and function

d. All cells are prokaryotic at some stage

True

True or false? At some point, all cells will contain DNA

False

True or false? You can use the coarse focus knob on any power.

c. Bacteria

Which of the following organisms are not eukaryotic?

a. Plant

b. Animal

c. Bacteria

d. Fungi

Robert Hooke

who discovered cells?

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Who was the first to see living microorganisms in a sample of pond water?

A. Robert Hooke

Which of the following individuals did NOT contribute to the cell theory

a. Robert Hooke

b. Rudolf Virchow

c. Matthias Schleiden

d. Theodore Schwann

100x

Medium power = ______x (total magnification)

40x

Low power = _______x (total magnification)

400x

High power = ______x (total magnification)

10x

Ocular lens (eyepiece) = ________x

37,000um

You measure a specimen viewed under a microscope and determine it to be about 3.7cm in length. How long is it in um?

6.3cm

You measure a specimen viewed under a microscope and determine it to be about 63mm in length. How long is it in cm?

Protists

What types of cells are these?

Plant

What type of cell is this?

Animal cell

What type of cell is this?

Light microscope

A microscope where visible light is passed through a specimen and then through glass lenses

Scanning electron microscope

A microscope where an electron beam is used to study the surface details of a cell or other specimens

Transmission electron microscope

A microscope that uses an electron beam to study the internal structure of thinly sectioned specimens

Robert Hooke

The person who first identified cells in 1665 by using an early compound microscope by looking at a thin slice of cork (plant material)

Anton van Leeuwenhoek

A person who observed a sample of pond water using a single lens (simple) microscope

Matthias Schleiden

Came to the conclusion that plants are made of cells

Theodor Schwann

Came to the conclusion that animals are made of cells

Rudolf Virchow

Came to the conclusion that cells come from pre-existing cells

1. All living things are composed of cells

2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function

3. New cells are produced from existing cells

What are the three parts of the cell theory?

SA/V ratio

The ratio where cells need a surface area large enough to service volume of cell

1. Cell membrane

2. Contain DNA at some point

3. Cytoplasm

4. Ribosomes

What are 4 things all cells have

Prokaryote

A type of cell that has no nucleus present, no membrane-bound organelles, is smaller in size, has a simple form. Ex: bacteria

Eukaryote

A type of cell that has a nucleus, has membrane-bound organelles, is larger in size, is more complex. Ex: plants, animals, fungi, protists

Cell (plasma) membrane

The selectively permeable barrier that regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell; composed of a phospholipid bilayer

Cell wall

A rigid outer layer of a plant cell, prokaryote, fungus, or protist that provides structural support and protection; located outside the plasma membrane.

Cell

The basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms; the smallest unit of life.

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant cells and photosynthetic protists that is the site of photosynthesis.

Chromosome

A structure composed of a single, long DNA molecule coiled around associated proteins (histones); carries the genetic information (genes).

Coarse adjustment

The large, macro-control knob on a microscope used for initial, large-scale focusing when using low-power objective lenses.

Cytoplasm (cytosol)

all the cellular contents outside the nucleus, and the semi-fluid, aqueous component in it

Diaphragm

An adjustable mechanism (usually an iris) on a microscope that controls the amount and angle of light reaching the specimen.

Endomembrane System

A group of membranes and organelles in eukaryotic cells (ER, Golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles) that modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins.

Eyepiece (Ocular Lens)

The lens at the top of the microscope through which a user looks; typically provides a 10x magnification.

Field of View

The circular area visible when looking through the eyepiece of a microscope.

Fine adjustment

The small, micro-control knob on a microscope used for precise, sharp focusing, especially with high-power objective lenses.

Light Source

The built-in electric lamp or mirror at the base of the microscope that provides the illumination for viewing the specimen.

Magnification

The process of enlarging an object's apparent size. Calculated as: Eyepiece × Objective Lens.

Nucleoid

The non-membrane-bound region in a prokaryotic cell that contains the genetic material (DNA).

Nucleus

The membrane-bound organelle in a eukaryotic cell that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.

Objective Lens

The set of adjustable lenses mounted on the nosepiece (e.g., 4x,10x,40x) that are positioned directly above the specimen.

Organelle

A specialized membrane-bound structure within a eukaryotic cell that performs a specific function.

Ratio

A comparison of two quantities by division, often used in biology (e.g., surface area to volume ratio).

Ribosome

A non-membrane-bound cellular structure that is the site of protein synthesis (translation).

Rotating Nosepiece

The turret on a microscope that holds the objective lenses and allows the user to switch between magnifications.

Stage

The flat platform on a microscope where the specimen slide is placed for viewing.

Stage Clips

Metal clips on the microscope stage used to hold the slide securely in place.

Surface Area

The total exposed area of an object's outer boundary (e.g., the plasma membrane of a cell).

Turgidity

The internal pressure exerted by water against the cell wall, which makes plant cells rigid and firm.

Vacuole

A large, membrane-bound sac in a plant cell that stores water, nutrients, and waste; helps maintain turgor pressure.

Volume

The amount of three-dimensional space occupied by an object (e.g., the inside space of a cell).

Wet-Mount Slide

A temporary slide preparation created by placing a specimen in a drop of water (or liquid) and covering it with a coverslip.

Cytoplasm

Liquid portion of the cell that surrounds the nucleus and supports all the organelles

Nucleus

Control center if the cell that contains a cell’s DNA

Vacuole

Storage center of a cell (much larger in plant cells).

Chloroplast

Organelle where photosynthesis occurs in a plant cell

Ribosome

Organelle responsible for making proteins

Plant cell and bacteria

Which type of cell from the list has a CELL WALL?

a. Animal cell

b. Plant cell

c. Bacteria

Animal cell

Which type of cell from the list is more irregular in shape? Animal cell or plant cell

Plant cell

Which type of cell from the list is more geometric in SHAPE? Plant cell or animal cell

Plant cell

Which type of cell has a single large vacuole? Animal cell or plant cell

A

Which letter is pointing to the cytoplasm of the cell?

C

Which letter is pointing to the cell wall of the cell

None of these

Which letter is pointing to the cell wall of the cell?

C

Which letter is pointing to the cell membrane of the cell?

A

Which letter is pointing to the nucleus of the cell?

Animal cell

What type of cell is this?