Ecology Study Set: Ducks Unlimited Terms & Definitions

Hunting and fishing regulations are independent of monitoring wildlife populations.

False

Which of the following is the best example of habitat conversion?

Sedimentation

The Duck Stamp Act is an incentive program which encourages producers and landowners to conserve grasslands. When it was first enacted, the stamp cost $1. When was this act passed?

1934

Which of the following pests best represents insects which reproduce in the inner bark of trees, causing decay and death in healthy trees?

Bark beetles

Why are waterfowl called an indicator species?

They are good indicators of habitat health

Which president is thought to have done more for conservation than any other president?

Theodore Roosevelt

James is studying the wetland hydrology of the Okefenokee National Wildlife Refuge. He has observed the frequency and duration of flooding in the area and monitored the water's salinity and nutrient concentration. Which of the following remains to be studied for James to obtain a full understanding of the area's hydrology?

hydroperiod

Which of the following legislation provides funding for conservation programs to help farmers restore and protect wetlands?

The Farm Bill

What Act enabled funding through the sale of firearms, ammunition and sporting goods?

Pittman-Roberston Act

Which of the following is an invasive species known to disrupt forest habitats?

Buffelgrass

Birth and death rates are expressed as the number per _____ individuals per unit of time.

1,000

Which of the following is a characteristic of the taiga?

Northernmost forests with seasonal climate including long winters and short summers

A volcano has erupted and has now cooled off to leave bare rock. Over time, lichens have colonized on the rock, breaking it down and creating soil. Soil allowed grasses and flowering plants to grow. In this example, which of these was most likely the pioneer species?

Lichens

Approximately $430 million are generated each year from which of the following?

Hunting deer

Which of the following is NOT an example of regulating services?

Products harvested or extracted from the habitat, which are used and relied on every single day

What percentage of waterfowl nests are successful each year?

15

The Pittman-Robertson Act provides funding to state wildlife agencies for the restoration of wildlife. Which of the following describes how this Act is funded?

Tax on sporting arms and ammunition

Select the two statements which accurately describe a swamp.

Are filled with woody plants like trees and shrubs, have sphagnum moss covering the floor or forming floating mats

Which of the following factors is categorized as biotic?

Competition

Which of the following is NOT one of the states currently experiencing wetland reductions of between 80 to 100 percent?

Texas

While geese require a tail and primary feathers, which part of a duck would be required to be sent in for the Parts Survey conducted by the Fish and Wildlife Service?

The wing

Maintaining biodiversity, protecting freshwater quality, recharging groundwater and controlling floods are all critical components for which of the following biomes?

Wetlands

Which of the following best describes the system in which carbon credits or greenhouse gas offsets are used and traded by companies in order to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions?

Carbon markets

Which of the following is NOT regulated by the National Park Service?

Private land

Which of the following is also known as the Duck Stamp Act?

Migratory Bird Hunting and Conservation Stamp Act

Paul is a park ranger in charge of removing a brown bear which has been invading campsites and has grown comfortable around park guests. Paul sets up motion sensors which rapidly flash lights when triggered around the border of the park. After a period of time, Paul notices there have not been any more bear sightings in the park. This is an example of which of the following?

Predator-human interaction

Which of the following is NOT a biome?

Mountain

Which of the following waterfowl species is known to share incubation responsibilities between both males and females?

Whistling ducks

Which of the following examples corresponds to the category of protection restoration efforts?

Conservation easement or regulatory measure like the Organic Act which prevents habitats from being converted or fragmented

Which of the following best represents how waterfowl utilize stopover sites?

As areas for resting and gaining energy for migration

The Bureau of Biological Survey and the Bureau of Fisheries was combined under which president to create the Bureau of Wildlife?

Franklin Roosevelt

Which of the following is NOT a method used to convert wetlands in the United States?

Flooding to expand marine areas

Which of the following is responsible for all banding projects in the United States?

The United State Geological Survey - Biological Resources Division

Which of the following is NOT a reason why trees and larger shrubs do not thrive in grasslands?

Frequent fires

What percent of terrestrial organisms depend on forest ecosystems at some point in their lifecycle?

80

The Great Lakes contain about ______ of freshwater in the United States.

84 percent

Nutrient flow is the natural process which provides for the cycling of chemicals between biotic and abiotic factors including water, oxygen, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.

True

Samantha is developing a management plan for an area suffering a significant reduction of grasses and plants which directly affects the viability of an endangered species. Her plan involves an increase of primary producers to support long-term ecological balance and to eliminate the requirement of human influence. Which of the following best represents this management plan?

Sustainability

Which of the following animals utilize wetland habitats for gathering resources during migration?

Migratory birds

A wetland sits in an area with seasonal flooding from snow melt, has anaerobic soil, contains a build-up of dead vegetation in the water and is filled with cypress trees. This area is most likely classified as which of the following types of wetland?

Swamp

Which of the following groups were the biggest advocates for game protection?

Fishers

Waterfowl body plumage consists of how many layers?

Three

Government programs are set in place in order to reach the national "no-net loss" goal, designed to reduce or stop wetland loss. One of these programs rewards private landowners financially for preserving wetlands on their land. Which of the following best describes the strategy utilized by the program?

Regulation

Which of the following wetlands is dominated by emergent vegetation?

Marshes

The significant amounts of rain implies rainforest ecosystems store nutrients differently than other forests. Where are most nutrients found in rainforests?

Vegetation

The Agricultural Conservation Easement Program, which retires cropland and restores the land to grassland, is part of what piece of legislation?

The Farm Bill

Almost 40 percent of forests in the United States have introduced invasive species due to the increase of domestic and global travel, trade and commerce. Invasive species cost hundreds of billions of dollars annually and are responsible for nearly 42 percent of endangered plant and animal species.

True

Which of the following best describes levees?

Flows parallel to bodies of water

The clear-cutting of forests can be sustainable for certain species under monitored conditions and with reforestation efforts.

True

You are studying a forest in Russia. The forest receives an average of 15 inches of rainfall annually and contains primarily coniferous trees. Which of the following is the most likely classification of this forest?

Temperate rainforest

Which of the following methods is used during mark and recapture?

Leg band

Which of the following is the best definition for the term reforestation?

Planting new trees in the same habitat older ones were removed from

Which of the following is used to categorize types of terrestrial biomes?

Amount of biodiversity

Which of the following is an invasive species which negatively affects grasslands?

Thistles

Rotational grazing can be an effective management technique for grassland areas.

True

In the Gulf of Mexico, there is a "dead zone" where aquatic life cannot be supported due to the lack of oxygen in the water. Which of the following explains how healthy wetlands could have helped prevent this problem?

Wetlands contain bacteria which convert dissolved nitrogen to nitrogen gas, preventing algae blooms which deplete oxygen in the water

A damaged oil tanker leaked oil into the Pacific Ocean polluting and depleting the aquatic habitat and threatening the survival of aquatic animals in the area. If proper authorities react quickly to clean the area properly, the habitat will be able to recover. Which type of habitat loss has the area experienced?

Habitat destruction

Which of the following would be considered the type of grassland with conditions containing a semi-arid climate, average rainfall of 27 inches per year, temperatures fluctuating between -40°F (-40 °C) and 100°F (37.8°C) and extremely fertile soil?

Temperate

Grasslands are dominated by grasses and several species of forbs. Which of the following best describes a forb?

Broadleaf plants and lower shrub vegetation

Which of the following is true about the Forest and Rangeland Planning Act?

Authorized the U.S. Forest Service to develop standards in order to ensure a future supply of wood resources from forests

In what year was the Federal Water Pollution Control Act established?

1948

Which of the following is a true statement about wintering habitats?

Waterfowl travel to stopover sites, which are used for short periods to rest and replenish

Levees are used to stop water from naturally changing course and to prevent flooding.

True

An ecologist is surveying the assemblage of different populations of flora and fauna inhabiting a dead tree in the middle of a forest. Surveying the tree would be studying which of the following levels of ecology?

Biosphere

Which of the following Acts grants the right for the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to evaluate the impact of any federal or state actions affecting control or modification of bodies of water?

Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act

After populations of game species began to decline, sportsmen and naturalists pushed which of the following rules requiring sustainable methods for harvesting game and fish and ensuring hunters do not have an unfair advantage over the animal?

Bag limits

In order to minimize soil erosion and increase water retention, Randy wants to plant a cover crop for his cotton field without negatively affecting the fertility of the soil. He knows cotton requires significant amounts of nitrogen to grow, so he will need to choose a cover crop with low nitrogen requirements. Which of the following cover crops should Randy choose?

Barley

Preservation is the act of rebuilding an area suffering severe habitat loss.

False

Which president was responsible for establishing the first wildlife refuge?

Theodore Roosevelt

Who published the very first textbook about game management?

Aldo Leopold

Which of the following is the best description for the term commensalism?

One species benefits while another is unaffected

Which of the following was developed by Franklin Roosevelt with the primary focus of land and resource preservation?

First Wildlife Refuge Plan

Which of the following is NOT a reason why cover crops are valuable?

Provides shade to the main crop

Which of the following wildlife management agencies does NOT fall under the United States Department of Interior?

U. S. Department of Agriculture

Which of the following parks was the first established national park?

Yellowstone National Park

What percent of forests remain in the United States?

33

Because diving ducks have a smaller wing-to-body ratio, they are required to do which of the following in order to take flight?

Run across the water to gain speed

Which of the following is the purpose of the Endangered Species Act?

To protect and recover species which are endangered or threatened

Water found in a wetland with woody plants, saturated or slow-moving water and low oxygen levels in the soil is known as which of the following?

Swamp

Which of the following is a private organization which has conserved more than 14 million acres since its founding and has sister organizations in both Canada and Mexico which have collectively raised more than $2 billion through the "Rescue Our Wetlands" campaign?

Ducks Unlimited®

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of fragmentation on grassland habitats?

Allows sections of grasslands to be managed more efficiently

Which of the following is NOT a requirement to be classified as a wetland?

The area must have standing water year-round

Which of the following is NOT a beneficial outcome of forests?

Replenishing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

Grasslands are easily converted into agricultural land due to which of the following?

Fertile soils

Which of the following laws prohibited market hunting?

Lacey Act of 1900

Which of the following wetlands occurs near lakes and streams, particularly in areas where heavy rain or snowmelt causes seasonal flooding?

Freshwater swamps

Which of the following is NOT a necessary component for an area to be considered a habitat?

Animals

Through the process of photosynthesis, a single tree can take in more than ___ pounds of carbon dioxide and can produce about 260 pounds of oxygen annually.

40

Forty percent of the world's oxygen is produced in which of the following?

Tropical rainforest

Which of the following is the best example of habitat fragmentation?

A three-lane highway is built through a large forest

What is the difference between population size and density?

Density refers to the number of individual animals per unit area, while population size refers to the number of individual animals total

In the winter season, female waterfowl will molt into their eclipse plumage for which of the following reasons?

Eclipse plumage provides increased concealment from predators during nesting

Which of the following legislation ensures safe standards for waste discharge and other point-source pollution?

The Clean Water Act

Which of the following is NOT an invasive species impacting forest health in North American forests?

Norway maple

Which of the following represents the smallest percentage of area coverage for habitats, but contains more organisms than terrestrial habitats?

Neritic zone

Which of the following is the best description for the logging practice term known as clear cutting?

Logging all trees of the same age in one area

Which of the following habitat services are categorized by products harvested or extracted from the habitat, which are used and relied on every single day, such as food, water, wood, oil and gas?

Supporting

Which of the following is true about chlorophyll?

Is required in order to perform photosynthesis

Forests are responsible for storing large amounts of carbon. However, there are some cases in which forests can also release significant amounts of carbon into the atmosphere. When does this typically occur?

Trees release carbon when decaying, so when areas experience deforestation large amounts of a forest's sequestered carbon will be released back into the atmosphere

While exploring the Angelina National Forest, Sara takes notes and gathers samples of the various plant species she finds for a book she is writing. What would be the most appropriate name for this book?

Fauna of the Angelina National Forest