P1-PERIO-CHAPTER 24-CALCULUS

bacterial plaque

GIngival inflammation is primarily cuase by ?

Calculus

This is Mineralized bacterial plaque on teeth and prosthesis

-supragingival

-infragingival

2 types of calculus

-Buccal surface of maxillary molars

-LIngual surface of mandibular incisors

Supragingival is common on?

Supragingival

This type of calculus is yellow/white color, claylike, easily removable

TACTICAL PROBING

Subgignival calculus is detectable by?

Subgingival

This type of calculus is not visible clnically , hard, darkbrown/black, and firmly attached

Supragingival

Receded gingiva may expose subgingival calculus reclassifying it as what?

-Hydroxyapatite

-Octacalcium phosphate

In calculus composition(crystalline form), what are the 2 materials most common in supragingival calculus

Magnesium whitlockite

In calculus composition(crystalline form), what material is found in posterior teeth

brushite

In calculus composition(crystalline form), what material is common in mandibular anteriors

-Clacium phosphate

-Calcium carbonate

-Magnesium phosphate

-CO2

-Trace elements

CCCMT

5 Inorganic components of calculus

-Protein-polysaccharide complexes

-EPithelial cells

-Leukocytes

-Microorganisms

4 Organic components of calculus

GIgnival crevicular fluid

​

Origin of subgignival calculus

Saliva

Origin of supragingival calculus

Saliva

In supragingival, what isi its minerla source?

Gingivla creviuclar fluid

In subgignival, what is it's mineral source

-CAlculus

-Phosphorus

IN heavy calculus formers, plaque contains 2 components

4-8 hours

How many hours does calculus formation start

2 days

HOw many days does it take to reach 50% mineralize

12 days

HOw many days does it take to reach 60-90% mineralization

10 weeks-6 months

maximal accumulation would reach howlong?

-MIneral precipitation

-Seeding agent (epitactic concept, heterogeneous nucleation)

2 theories of mineral calcificiation

-Calcium ions

-Phosphate ions

Mineral precipitation caused by increased saturation of 2 compoents

-Phosphatase

-Esterase

In ENZYMATIC ACTIVITY, WHAT ARE 2 ENZYMES

HYdrolyzes organic phosphates -> increasing free phosphate

​

Explain the process of phosphatase

-FOrm calcium/magnesium soaps -> covnert to calcium phosphate

Explain the process of esterase

-PH rise

-Salivary colloid sedimentation

-Enzymatic activity

IN mineral precipitation, increase of calclium ions and phospahte ions are caused by 3 factors

carbohydrate-protein complexes

In seeding agents, this complex may chelate calcium form mineralization nuclei

Materia Alba

This is a Soft, white/ yellowish deposit of microbes, epithelial cells, leukocytes, salivary proteins/ lipids

-Saliva

-ORal movements

Food debrise is radpible cleared by 2 components

TRue

TRue or false: food debris is not precursor for plaque or significant gingivitis cause

Dental stains

THese are pigmented deposits from tobacco, coffee, tea, mouthrinses, food pigments