APUSH Period 4: Reformers

Lyman Beecher

believes in civil morality + dem. gov.

-founded American Bible Society

-Presbyterian pastor

-temperance movement

Henry David Thoreau

abolitionist, Christian, dislikes slavery

-books about nature: Walden + Civil Disobedience

Harriet Beecher Stowe

abolitionist, feminist, for better education

-wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin

William Holmes McGuffey

liberal, public education for all

-wrote textbooks about that taught morality

-pres. of UVA

Horace Mann

antislavery, public education

-Secretary of Mass. Board of Education

-served in House of Reps. twice

-head of Senate

Angelina Grimke

abolitionist, women's rights activist

-created Anti Female Slave Society

-first woman to publish in "Liberator"

Dr. Sylvester Graham

temperance/abstinence, dietary reform

-wrote Treatise on Bread and Breadmaking

-graham cracker

Robert Owen

born in Wales, creating new society, advocate for middle class

-book of essays "A New View of Society"

-education shapes a mans character, created school

-established utopian community New Harmony in IN

Neal Dow

prohibitionist, abolitionist

-Maine Law: first alcohol state ban

-temperance movement

Margaret Fuller

transcendentalist, feminist

-wrote "Women in 19th Century"

Ralph Waldo Emerson

transcendentalist (balance of God, men + nature)

-wrote "Self Reliance" + "American Scholar"

George Ripley

transcendentalist, liberal

-created Brook Farm

-well-known critic

John Humphrey Noyes

perfectionism, exiled (opposition to Calvinism), not free of sin then not Christian

-created Oneida community (free love)

-first antislavery society

Dorothea Dix

mentally disturbed cannot be cured, need institutions, activist for mentally ill

-all girls schools, 120 facilities, textbooks

Elijah Lovejoy

Presbyterian, abolitionist

-created newspaper "Observer" - antislavery

-teacher

Sojourner Truth

abolitionist, feminist, previous slave, Christian

-first black woman to defeat white man in court

-"Narrative of Sojourner Truth"

-speeches "Ain't I a Woman"

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

believed in equality, women's rights

-wrote "Women's Bible"

-Declaration of Sentiments

William Lloyd Garrison

antislavery, federalist view

-abolitionist newspaper "Liberator"

-Newbury Port Free Press

-American Anti-Slavery Society

Susan B. Anthony

Quaker, abolitionist, women's rights activist

-Declaration of Sentiments

-temperance movement

-National Women's Suffrage Association

Lucretia Mott

Quaker, women's rights activist, abolitionist

-Seneca Falls Convention

-"Discourse on Women"

Charles Finney

Presbyterian, abolitionist, women's rights (equality)

-leader in 2nd Great Awakening

-published religious works

-Lectures on Religious Revival

Nathaniel Hawthorne

gov. based on Puritanism for individual reform

-wrote many books including "The Scarlet Letter"- romance- books influenced reformers

Elihu Burritt

peace advocate; made League of Universal Brotherhood to work against wars