Developmental Psyc Exam 3

What theory is Sigmund Freud known for?

Psychoanalytic

When and why did Freud move away from medicine?

1885; Freud grew bored with medicine, so he wen to Paris to learn the technique of hypnosis

Who did Freud learn hypnosis from?

French physician Jean Charco

What was the most immediate result from Freud learning about hypnosis?

Freud began to develop theories about the roles the unconscious plays in human development/ psychoanalytic development

What did Freud do when he returned to Austria?

 He developed a private practice where he began to refine both his psychoanalytic theory and his methods of psychoanalytic analysis

How many general characteristics did Freud identify in his theory?

5

What were the 5 general characteristics of Freud’s theory?

Dynamic Approach, Structural approach, Geographic approach, Psychoanalytic Methods Approach, Psychosexual Developmental Stage Approach

Dynamic Approach

Each child is born with a certain amount of sexual energy?

What is the sexual energy each child is born with refered to as?

Libido 

What are the locations in the body where libido is biologically guided called?

Erogenous zones

What are the 3 erogenous zones?

oral, anal, genital areas

What does sexual energy refer to?

The ability to experience physical pleasure

What does the arrival of libido at each one of the erogenous zones mark?

It marks a new stage in the child’s psychosexual development

What are the 3 major structures in the Structural Approach?

Id, Ego, Superego

Id

the dark mysterious side of our personality which contains everything that we inherit from our parents

What is the Id known as?

It’s considered the seat of innate desire and the main source of sexual energy

What does the Id want?

Immediate gratification

When and where do we see the Id operate in our lives?

Operates throughout our lifetime especially in our daydreams, night dreams, and imagination

What kinds of behaviors do the Id operate in?

Operates in our impulsive, selfish, and pleasure seeking behaviors 

What does the Id get called?

Spoiled child of our personality

Ego

The mind’s avenue to the real world

Why does the ego develop?

it is required for physical and psychological survival

What are the activities associated with the ego?

perception, logical thought, problem solving, and memory

What aids the ego’s decisions?

feelings of anxiety

What happens when our anxiety is so strong that it threatens to engulf the ego?

defense mechanisms emerge

What are the 9 defense mechanism identified by Freud?

Repression, reaction, projection, regression, fixation, sublimation, compensation, identification, displacement

Repression

denying or forgetting danger

Reaction formation

acting the opposite from the way one feels

Projection

attributing one’s unacceptable behaviors to that of others

Regression

retunring to an earlier form of behavior

Fixation

remaining at the present level of cognitive development

Sublimation

substituting a desired object or person for a less desirable one

Compensation

Making up for the failure in one area by applying oneself in another

Identification

Adopting the characteristics of an aggressor to make up for one’s own inadequacies

Displacement

retaliating against someone other than whom the retaliation is desired

Superego

the last structure to develop. It occurs when children resolve their Oedipus complex and develop identification with the same sex parent

What 2 parts is the superego composed of?

Conscience and ego ideal

Conscience

negative; punishes the child with feeling of guilt

Ego ideal

positive; standards of conduct towards which the child strives; rewards the child with feelings of positive self esteem and pride

How does the superego oppose both the Id and the Ego?

The super ego tries to do away with the spoiled child personality of the Id and watches over the thoughts of the ego

T/F:  Freud notes thinking is as bad as doing which is the Super Ego’s pov

T 1

Can you have one structure without the other?

You cannot have one without the other. They are all intertwined “they melt into one another”

What are the 3 regions of the geographic approach?

Unconscious, preconscious, conscious (aka perceptual conscious)

What does the unconscious refer to?

Thoughts and feelings that are repressed and unknown

Which geographic region does the Id reside

Unconscious

How do the thoughts in the preconscious become conscious?

forming mental images or linking words to form language

What is the conscious?

What a person is aware of at any given moment

What kind of manner do the 3 regions work in

What are the 3 psychoanalytic methods

Free association, dream analysis, transference

Free association

Requires that a person or subject orally reports his or her ongoing stream of thought

Dream Analysis

Focuses on a person's verbal reports of his or her mental activities (one’s dreams)

Transference

It occurs when the patient or subject has positive and/or negative about their therapist

What is an example of dream analysis that Freud gives?

 similarities between neurotic symptoms and the content of one’s dreams

What are the stages of psychosexual development?

Oral, anal, phallic, latency

Oral (Birth - Age 1)

The principle source of physical pleasure in this stage is sucking whereby all objects tend to find their way into the child’s mouth

Where is libido located in the oral stage?

the mouth

What has the strongest long term influences in the oral stage?

When and how long an infant is breastfed and how the infant is weaned from the breast

What adult behaviors are a result of oral fixation (result of too soon or too late weaning)?

alcoholism, smoking, nail biting, demanding personality

Anal (Age 1 - Age 3)

The child’s physical pleasure is having bowel movements and later withholding bowel movements

What is the major concern during the anal stage?

Positive toilet training experience

If toilet training is difficult it leads to an anal personality which leads to the following behavior as adults

Over controlling, Compulsive, Extremely neat, Stingy, Defiant, Rigid

Where is the erogenous stage in the Phallic stage (Age 3 - Age 6)?

genital area

What is the chid’s physical source of pleasure in the phallic stage?

direct stimulation from the genital organs (masturbation)

When does the Oedipous conflict/complex happen

Phallic stage

What is the Oedipous complex/conflict

During this stage children become sexually attracted to parents of the opposite sex; Children begin to experience conflict because they believe that the same sex parent is a rival

What are the 2 ways a child can resolve the Oedipous conflict

They force their desires into the unconscious: meaning their desires are repressed denied or forgotten OR They compensate for the loss of the opposite sex parent by adopting the characteristics of the same sex parent (Identification)

What happens if the Oedipous complex isn’t resolved?

Impotency(males) and Rigidity(females)

What takes place in the Latency period. (Age 6 -  about Age 11 or 12)

Puberty and pubescence