Shoulder Range of Motion, Manual Muscle Testing, Special Tests, and Medical Abbreviations

Vocabulary flashcards covering goniometry setups, AROM norms, MMT positions and grading, special clinical tests, and medical abbreviations for shoulder assessment.

Shoulder Flexion AROM Norm

$$0-180$$

Shoulder Extension AROM Norm

$$0-60$$

Shoulder Abduction AROM Norm

$$0-180$$

Shoulder Medial Rotation AROM Norm

$$0-70$$

Shoulder Lateral Rotation AROM Norm

$$0-90$$

Shoulder Motion Normal End Feels

Flexion: firm, extension: firm, abduction: firm, adduction: firm, Medial rotation: firm, lateral rotation: firm

Abnormal End Feels

Unusual resistance that the clinician feels at the end of PROM, which may occur due to pain, muscle guarding, or injury.

Gravity Eliminated Motion Plane

Parallel to the ground

Zero ($0/5$)

No movement, no muscle activity

Trace ($1/5$)

No movement, muscle activity

Poor minus ($2-/5$)

Unable to complete full ROM in GE

Poor ($2/5$)

Full ROM in GE

Poor plus ($2+/5$)

Initiates movement AG

Fair minus ($3-/5$)

At least half ROM AG

Fair ($3/5$)

Full ROM AG without resistance

Fair plus ($3+/5$)

Full ROM AG with min resistance

Good minus ($4-/5$)

Full ROM AG with min/mod resistance

Good ($4/5$)

Full ROM AG with mod resistance

Good plus ($4+/5$)

Full ROM AG with mod/max resistance

Normal ($5/5$)

Full ROM AG with max resistance

Drop Arm Test

Patient is positioned in sitting or standing with the arm in $90$ degrees abduction and asked to slowly lower the arm to their side. A positive test is indicated by failing to slowly lower the arm or severe pain, indicative of a tear in the rotator cuff.

Yergason’s Test

Patient is positioned sitting with $90$ degrees of elbow flexion and forearm pronated, with humerus stabilized against thorax. Patient actively supinates and laterally rotates against resistance. A positive test is indicated by pain or tenderness in the bicipital groove, indicative of bicipital tendonitis.

Hawkins-Kennedy Impingement Test

Patient is positioned in sitting or standing. Therapist flexes shoulder to $90$ degrees and medially rotates arm. A positive test is indicated by pain, indicative of shoulder impingement involving the supraspinatus tendon.

Roo’s Test

Patient is positioned in sitting or standing with arms in $90$ degrees of abduction, lateral rotation, and elbow flexion, and opens/closes hands for three minutes. A positive test is indicated by inability to maintain position, arm weakness, sensory loss, or ischemic pain, indicative of thoracic outlet syndrome.

WNL

Within normal limits

WFL

Within functional limits

STG

Short term goal

LTG

Long term goal

LTFG

Long tern functional goal

EOB

Edge of the bed

OOB

Out/ff of bed

HOB

Head of bed

ADL

Activity daily living

HTN

Hypertension

CABG

Coronary artery bypass graft

GH

Glenohumeral

Shoulder Flexion Goniometry Setup

Patient Position: supine; Axis: Acromial process; Stationary Arm: Midaxillary line of the thorax; Moveable Arm: Lateral midline of the humerus using the lateral epicondyle of the humerus for reference.

Shoulder Extension Goniometry Setup

Patient Position: prone; Axis: Acromial process; Stationary Arm: Midaxillary line of the thorax; Moveable Arm: Lateral midline of the humerus using the lateral epicondyle of the humorous for reference.

Shoulder Abduction Goniometry Setup

Patient Position: supine; Axis: Anterior aspect of the acromial process; Stationary Arm: Parrell to the midline of the anterior aspect of the sternum; Moveable Arm: Medial midline of the humerus.

Shoulder Internal Rotation Goniometry Setup

Patient Position: Supine with shoulder abducted to $90$ degrees and elbow flexed to $90$ degrees; Axis: Olecranon process; Stationary Arm: Parallel or perpendicular to the floor; Moveable Arm: Ulna using the olecranon process and ulnar styloid process for reference.

Shoulder External Rotation Goniometry Setup

Patient Position: Supine with shoulder abducted to $90$ degrees and elbow flexed to $90$ degrees; Axis: Olecranon process; Stationary Arm: Parallel or perpendicular to the floor; Moveable Arm: Ulna using the olecranon process and ulnar styloid process for reference.

Shoulder Flexion MMT Setup

AG Position: Supine; GE Position: Side-lying position on the nontest side; Stabilization: Scapula; Resistance: Anteromedial aspect of the distal humerus.

Shoulder Extension MMT Setup

AG Position: Prone; GE Position: Side-lying position on the non test side; Stabilization: scapula; Resistance: Proximal to the elbow joint on the posteromedial aspect of the arm.

Shoulder Abduction MMT Setup

AG Position: Sitting; GE Position: supine; Stabilization: scapula; Resistance: Proximal to the elbow joint on the lateral aspect of the arm.

Shoulder Internal Rotation MMT Setup

AG Position: prone; GE Position: sitting; Stabilization: Humerus to prevent shoulder adduction; Resistance: Proximal to the wrist joint.

Shoulder External Rotation MMT Setup

AG Position: prone; GE Position: sitting; Stabilization: Humerus to prevent shoulder adduction; Resistance: Proximal to the wrist joint on the posterior aspect of the forearm.