VCE Psychology Unit 3 Aos 2

Classical Conditioning

A type of learning that occurs through the repeated association of two (or more) different stimuli.

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Any stimulus that consistently produces a particular naturally occurring automatic response.

Unconditioned Response (UCR)

The response that occurs automatically when the UCS is presented.

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Any stimulus that does not normally produce a predictable response.

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

The stimulus that is neutral at the start of the conditioning process but eventually elicits a similar response to that caused by the UCS.

Conditioned Response (CR)

The learned response that is produced by the CS.

Operant Conditioning

A learning process whereby the consequences of behavior determine the likelihood that it will be performed again in the future.

Reinforcement

A process in which a stimulus strengthens or increases the frequency or likelihood of a response that it follows.

Positive Reinforcement

A stimulus that strengthens or increases the likelihood of a desired response by providing a satisfying consequence.

Negative Reinforcement

An unpleasant stimulus that, when removed or avoided, strengthens or increases the likelihood of a desired response.

Punishment

The process of delivering an unpleasant consequence following a response to decrease the likelihood of that response occurring again.

Episodic Memory

The long-term memory of personally experienced events associated with a particular time and place.

Semantic Memory

The long-term memory of facts and knowledge about the world.

Implicit Memory

Long-term memory that does not require conscious or intentional retrieval.

Explicit Memory

Long-term memory that can be consciously retrieved and stated.

Reproduction in Observational Learning

The act of imitating or attempting to replicate the behavior observed from a model.

Attention in Learning

The process of closely watching a model's behavior and the consequences in order to learn from them.

Method of Loci

A mnemonic device that associates items to be remembered with specific positions or locations.