Dieseses of the nervous system

Meningues

the three layers of membranes that protect the brain and spinal cord goes by dura → arachnoid → pia

Meningitis

inflamation of the meninges

Encephalitis

inflammation of the brain

Meningoencephalitis

inflamation of both brain and meninges

viral meningitis

more common than the bacterial version but less severe usually caused by enteroviruses.

Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis

gram negative aerobic bacteria/ occurs mostly in chilgren and has a capsule that is pathogenic causes pneumonia and ear infections.

Neisseria meningitis

gram negative aerobic cocci with a capsule/ spread by droplet aerosol/ begins as throat infections, rash/ antibiotic treatment mortality rate is 9-12%

Streptococcus pneumoniae Meningitis

Gram positive diplococcus/ causes pneumonia and ear infections/ treatable with antibiotics.

Listeriosis

Gram positive aerobic rod/ usually foodborne/ can be transmitted to fetus through placenta/ reproduction in phagocytes/

Hansens diesease

Acid fast rod caused by Mycobacterium leprae/ transmission through prolonged contact

Botulism

Gram positive, endospore forming, obligate anaerobe/ comes from ingestion and causes muscle paralysis caused by the toxin.

Tetanus

gram positive, endospore forming obligate anaerobe/ Tetanospasmin neurotoxin is released from dead cells that enter the CNS death comes from spasms of respiratory muscles. prevented by vaccination with mortality 25-50%

Poliomyelitis

+ ssRNA virus /Spread through the fecal oral route/ mild cold like symptoms/ prevented by immunization with either live or killed vaccines.

Arboviral Encephalitis

Virus thats carried by arthropods/ causes chills headaches, fevers which can lead to coma and death.

Zika Virus Disease

Transmitted through infected Aedes Mosquito/ can also be transmitted vertically or through blood transfusion or sex. 20% of infecred are mild symptoms, can cause microcephaly in infants. diagnosed with reverse transcriptase PCR

Cryptococcus neoformans Meningitis

Soil fungus associated with pigeon and chicken droppings and are a yeast like fungus with a thick capsule. transmitted by the respiratory route and goes to CNS/ Mortality is up to 30% / treatment with amphotericin B and flucytosine

African trpanosomiasis

Comes from the bite tsetse fly and causes interstitial inflammation and necrosis of lymph nodes, small blood vessels of brain and heart leading to death and lethargy in 1-3 yrs. Vaccination isn’t possible due to antigenic variation

Eflornithine

Very effective (crosses blood-brain Barrier, inhibits facial hair)

Melarsoprol

Highly toxic

Amebic Meningoencephalitis

caused by Naegleria fowleri and usually infects children in warm fresh water ponds/ streams. infects nasal mucosa then spreads to CNS near 100% mortality with no effective treatment.