Irene Gold Board Reviews Chemistry Practice Questions

Which of the following is an aromatic amino acid?

a. Tryptophan

b. Methionine

c. Lysine

d. Histidine

a. Tryptophan

Which of the following is a non-essential amino acid

a. Lysine

b. Tryptophan

c. Tyrosine

d. Phenylalanine

c. Tyrosine

Legumes, like kidney beans are limiting in which amino acid

a. Lysine

b. Methionine

c. Threonine

d. Tryptophan

b. Methionine

Enzymes that differ in amino acid sequences but catalyze the same reaction are known as ____

a. Isoenzyme

b. Isocitrate

c. Isosubstrate

d. Isocatalyst

a. Isoenzyme

Which of the following is deficient in the diet of a patient with PKU

a. Tyrosine

b. Phenylalanine

c. Tryptophan

d. Proline

b. Phenylalanine

Which of the following occurs in the ribosome?

a. Protein synthesis

b. ATP synthesis

c. Chromosome replication

d. Reverse transcription

a. Protein synthesis

In the presence of PKU, which amino acid should you not ingest?

a. Tyrosine

b. Tryptophan

c. Phenylalanine

d. Proline

c. Phenylalanine

Steroid hormones are extremely ___ and ___

a. hydrophilic; diffuse through the membrane

b. Hydrophilic; require a carrier protein

c. Hydrophobic; diffuse through the membrane

d. Hydrophobic; require a carrier protein

c. Hydrophobic; diffuse through the membrane

Which of the following has quaternary structure?

a. Amino acids

b. Hemoglobin

c. Hydrogen bonds

d. Myoglobin

b. Hemoglobin

What is the means by which amino acids are connected?

a. Covalent bonds

b. Amino acids

c. Ester bonds

d. Peptide bonds

d. Peptide bonds

How is it possible to overcome a competitive inhibitor

a. Increase Km

b. Increase substrate concentration

c. Increase Vmax

d. Introduce a non-competitive inhibitor

b. Increase substrate concentration

How do steroids interact with a cell

a. Diffusion

b. Long duration

c. Cell -surface receptors

d. Osmosis

a. Diffusion

Which of the following decreases the energy needed to create a reaction

a. Enzymes

b. Substrate volume

c. Substrate concentration

d. Presence of a competitive inhibitor

a. Enzymes

Beri Beri is associated with which vitamin deficiency

a. B1

b. B2

c. B5

d. B6

a. B1

Riboflavin and adenosine are components of which of the following

a. FAD

b. NAD

c. ATP

d. CoQ10

a. FAD

Taking too much folic acid can cover up which vitamin deficiency?

a. Pantothenate

b. Pyridoxine

c. Biotin

d. Cobalamin

d. Cobalamin

Megaloblastic anemia could be hidden by which of the following?

a. Pantothenate

b. Folate

c. Riboflavin

d. Niacin

b. Folate

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with dry eyes and night blindness?

a. A

b. D

c. E

d. K

a. A

Vitamin B12 deficiency has its greatest effect on which of the following?

a. Pulmonary region

b. GI system

c. Spinal cord

d. Musculoskeletal system

c. Spinal cord

Which vitamin is needed to make collagen

a. B5

b. Vitamin K

c. Ascorbic acid

d. Vitamin D

c. Ascorbic acid

Wheat germ oil is the best source of which vitamin?

a. A

b. D

c. E

d. K

c. E

What is the active form of vitamin D synthesis?

a. Vitamin D2

b. Vitamin D3

c. 1-25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

d. DGA

c. 1-25 dihydroxycholecalciferol

Vitamin A is important for which of the following?

a. Antioxidant

b. Rhodopsin

c. Thrombin

d. Prothrombin

b. Rhodopsin

Vitamin K is essential to which pathway?

a. Coagulation

b. Kreb's cycle

c. ETC

d. Cori cycle

a. Coagulation

Which mineral is essential for wound healing

a. Selenium

b. Zinc

c. Copper

d. Cobalt

b. Zinc

Which vitamin helps to produce amino acids

a. Cobalamin

b. Pyridoxine

c. Thiamine

d. Riboflavin

b. Pyridoxine

Which hormone is responsible for basal metabolic rate?

a. Parathormone

b. Somatotropin

c. Cortisol

d. Thyroxine

d. Thyroxine

Glucose + glucose yields which of the following

a. Sucrose

b. lactose

c. Maltose

d. Isomaltose

c. Maltose

Lactose can be broken down into ___

a. Glucose and glucose

b. Glucose and galactose

c. Glucose and fructose

d. Glucose and ribose

b. Glucose and galactose

An individual has flatulence and diarrhea after consuming ice cream, what are they deficient in?

a. Lactose dehydrogenase

b. Lactase

c. Glucose dehydrogenase

d. Lactose synthase

b. Lactase

Which of the following can humans not digest?

a. Amylopectin

b. Starch

c. Cellulose

d. Amylose

c. Cellulose

What is the most common GAG found in humans?

a. Heparin

b. Hyaluronic acid

c. Chondroitin sulfate

d. Dermatan sulfate

c. Chondroitin sulfate

Articular cartilage is provided nutrients by which of the following?

a. Synovial fluid

b. Direct arterial supply

c. Venous return

d. CSF

a. Synovial fluid

What is the linkage of the glycerol backbone with fatty acid molecules?

a. Hydrogen bond

b. Estrogen bond

c. Covalent bond

d. Ester bond

d. Ester bond

Which of the following makes a bond less stable?

a. Double carbon bond

b. Introduction of heat

c. Protein folding

d. Reducing the temperature

b. Introduction of heat

1kg of fat is equal to how many calories?

a. 77000

b. 7000

c. 1700

d. 10000

a. 77000

What is the rate limiting enzyme of cholesterol synthesis?

a. Squalene epoxidase

b. HMG coA reductase

c. Mevalonate kinase

d. Squalene synthase

b. HMG coA reductase

Cholesterol is a precursor to which of the following?

a. Squalene

b. Mevalonate

c. Bile salts

d. HMG CoA

c. Bile salts

Chylomicrons are synthesized by which of the following?

a. Liver

b. Intestinal enterocytes

c. Gallbladder

d. Lymphatic system

b. Intestinal enterocytes

Which of the following brings cholesterol from the tissues to the liver?

a. Chylomicrons

b. HDL

c. LDL

d. VLDL

b. HDL

Which type of bond is found between nucleotide bases

a. Hydrogen

b. Covalent

d. Phosphodiester

d. Ionic

d. Phosphodiester

Which of the following is found only in RNA?

a. Cytosine

b. Guanine

c. Uracil

d. Thymine

c. Uracil

Phosphodiester bonds hold together which of the following

a. Sugars

b. Bases

c. DNA backbone

d. Reverse transcriptase

a. Sugars

Breakdown of purines leads to ___

a. Urates

b. Uric acid

c. Pyruvate

d. Pyrimidines

b. Uric acid

RNA polymerase is necessary for ____

a. Transcription

b. Translation

c. Replication

d. Transportation

a. Transcription

What is the purpose of reverse transcriptase

a. Transcription of RNA to DNA

b. Transcription of DNA to RNA

c. Transcription of RNA to RNA

d. Transcription of single strand DNA to double strand DNA

a. Transcription of RNA to DNA

Cortisol during fasting state would cause ___

a. Gluconeogenesis

b. Glycogen storage

c. Glycolysis

d. Glutamine

a. Gluconeogenesis

Which of the following creates triacylglycerol storage in peripheral tissue?

a. Glycogen

b. Insulin

c. Leptin

d. Cortisol

b. Insulin

What is the product of aerobic glycolysis

a. 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate

b. 4 ATP, 8 NADH, 2 pyruvate

c. 4 ATP, 2 NADH, 4 FADH2

d. 2 ATP

a. 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 pyruvate

Hexokinase requires which of the following?

a. Pyruvate

b. ATP

c. NADH

d. FAD

b. ATP

Anaerobic glycolysis produces which of the following

a. Pyruvate

b. Glycogen

c. Water

d. Oxygen

a. Pyruvate

What coenzyme is necessary for pyruvate dehydrogenase complex

a. B1 and B5

b. Folate

c. Cyanocobalamin

d. B3

a. B1 and B5

The alpha-keto form of this enzyme is found in the Kreb's cycle

a. Glutamate reductase

b. Glutarate synthase

c. Glutamine reductase

d. Glutarate dehydrogenase

d. Glutarate dehydrogenase

Malate is transformed into ___ in the kreb's cycle

a. Alpha Ketoglutarate

b. Isocitrate

c. Oxaloacetate

d. Succinyl CoA

c. Oxaloacetate

Which of the following is an enzyme of the kreb's cycle

a. Hexokinase

b. Malate synthase

c. Succinate dehydrogenase

d. Oxaloacetate dehydrogenase

c. Succinate dehydrogenase

Where is a common place that electrons come from?

a. NAD

b. FADH2

c. ATP

d. NADH

d. NADH

Which of the following is the regulatory enzyme of Fatty acid synthesis?

a. Acetyl CoA carboxylase

b. Malonyl transferase

c. 3-hydroxyacyl-ACP dehydrase

d. Enoyl-CoA reductase

a. Acetyl CoA carboxylase

Which of the following is created during beta oxidation?

a. acetyl CoA

b. CoQ10

c. H20

d. Urea

a. acetyl CoA

Which of the following is considered to be a glucose tolerance factor?

a. Cobalt

b. Magnesium

c. Selenium

d. Chromium

d. Chromium

Which of the following transports fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix?

a. Citrulline

b. Carnitine

c. Cytosine

d. Purine

b. Carnitine

What is the regulatory enzyme of beta oxidation?

a. Malonyl dehydrogenase

b. Acetyl oxidase

c. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1

d. Alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

c. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1

What is glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase used for?

a. Protects red blood cells

b. Rebuilds liver cells

c. Increases small intestine goblet cell function

d. Begins glycolysis in the brain

a. Protects red blood cells

In the urea cycle, ___ is hydrolyzed to produce ___ and ornithine

a. Arginine; urea

b. Urea; arginine

c. Aspartate; citrulline

d. Citrulline; urea

a. Arginine; urea

How is nitrogen carried throughout the body?

a. Kreb's cycle

b. Alanine shuttle system

c. Heme groups

d. Micelles

b. Alanine shuttle system

Which of the following occurs in the ribosome

a. Protein synthesis

b. DNA synthesis

c. DNA storage

d. Protein storage

a. Protein synthesis

How many calories are found in one gram of carbohydrates?

a. 2

b. 4

c. 6

d. 9

b. 4

An individual has phenylketonuria, meaning they are unable to turn phenylalanine into

a. Proline

b. Tryptophan

c. Glutathione

d. Tyrosine

d. Tyrosine

A molecule with one or more unpaired electron in its outer shell is termed

a. Free radical

b. Neutral molecule

c. Reactive substance

d. Electron transporter

a. Free radical

An individual with low T3/T4 would also be low in which mineral

a. Iodine

b. Magnesium

c. Iron

d. Calcium

a. Iodine

What is the result of reverse transcriptase

a. Synthesized DNA from RNA

b. RNA transcribed from DNA

c. DNA to RNA

d. Translation of RNA from DNA

a. Synthesized DNA from RNA

Which amino acid is related to an allergy or intolerance to wheat?

a. Aspartate

b. Tyrosine

c. Glutamine

d. Lysine

d. Lysine

Which of the following makes dopamine?

a. Phenylalanine

b. Tyrosine

c. Serotonin

d. Leucine

b. Tyrosine

What lowers the activation rate?

a. Substrate

b. Enzyme

c. Competitive inhibitor

d. Non-competitive inhibitor

b. Enzyme

What is true about cholesterol?

a. It is the most abundant sterol in humans

b. It is entirely dependent on dietary sources

c. It is found in plant products as well as animals

d. It is important to have a high LDL to HDL ratio

a. It is the most abundant sterol in humans

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

a. Palmitic

b. oleic

c. Stearic

c. Linoleic

c. Linoleic

Which of the following increases the rate of the reaction?

a. Enzyme

b. Coenzyme

c. Decreasing the temperature

d. Decreasing the amount of substrate

a. Enzyme

Which of the following shows the affinity of an enzyme toward a substrate?

a. V max

b. Km

c. Vo

d. Delta

b. Km

Vitamin B1 deficiency is associated with which of the following

a. Pellagra

b. Scurvy

c. Beri beri

d. Rickets

c. Beri beri

What is oxygen's role in the ETC?

a. Electron donation

b. Aids electrons in crossing the mitochondrial membrane

c. Electron acceptor

d. ATP recipient

c. Electron acceptor

What sugar is associated with ATP?

a. Ribose

b. Glucose

c. Ribulose

d. Pentose

a. Ribose

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with dementia, diarrhea, and dermatitis?

a. Niacin

b. Riboflavin

c. B9

d. Thiamine

a. Niacin

Which of the following is a purine

a. Guanine

b. Uracil

c. Thymine

d. Cytosine

a. Guanine

Which of the following has an incorrect base pair?

a. A-T

b. C-G

c. C-U

d. A-U

c. C-U

In the kreb's cycle, what steps follow malate?

a. Oxaloacetate

b. Succinyl CoA

c. Isocitrate

d. Alpha ketoglutarate

a. Oxaloacetate

Which of the following is associated with ubiquinone?

a. Kreb's ccle

b. Cori cycle

c. Glycolysis

d. ETC

d. ETC

Biliary atresia is associated with which of the following vitamin deficiencies?

a. B1

b. B6

c. Vitamin D

d. Vitamin C

c. Vitamin D

Which of the following is a branched chain amino acid?

a. Cystine

b. Methionine

c. Tyrosine

d. Valine

d. Valine

Which vitamin deficiency is associated with lilac color rash around the eyes and mouth?

a. Magnesium

b. Copper

c. Iron

d. Vitamin D

b. Copper

Which of the following is not an essential amino acid?

a. Phenylalanine

b. Tyrosine

c. Lysine

d. Tryptophan

b. Tyrosine

T3 is a derivative of which of the following?

a. Histidine

b. Tryptophan

c. Phenylalanine

d. Tyrosine

d. Tyrosine

Beta pleated sheets are associated with which protein structure?

a. Primary

b. Secondary

c. Tertiary

d. Quaternary

b. Secondary

Which of the following is the structural component of pantothenic acid?

a. CoA

b. B-alanine

c. Tyrosine

d. CoQ10

a. CoA

Which of the following organs is affected by B12 deficiency?

a. Kidney

b. Liver

c. Bone

d. Brain

d. Brain

Which of the following affects vitamin D metabolism

a. Sodium and potassium

b. Calcium and magnesium

c. Calcium and phosphate

d. Potassium and magnesium?

c. Calcium and phosphate

Which of the following is derived from testosterone?

a. Cholesterol

b. Estradiol

c. Vitamin D

d. T3

b. Estradiol

How is it possible to overcome a competitive inhibitor?

a. Increase Km

b. Increase substrate concentration

c. Increase Vmax

d. Introduce a non-competitive inhibitor

b. Increase substrate concentration

How is ribose different from deoxyribose

a. It has a pentose

b. It has a two-ring structure

c. It has a hexose

d. It has an extra OH group

d. It has an extra OH group

Which of the following is true about gibbs free energy if delta G is positive

a. Endergonic and spontaneous

b. Endergonic and non-spontaneous

c. Exergonic and spontaneous

d. Exergonic and non-spontaneous

b. Endergonic and non-spontaneous

If serum calcium is being decreased and bone reabsorption takes place, what would be the cause?

a. Calcitonin

b. PTH

c. GLucose

d. Somatotropin

a. Calcitonin

An individual presents with a rash around the nose and lips, which mineral deficiency is this associated with?

a. Zinc

b. Copper

c. Vitamin D

d. Iron

a. Zinc