Buddhism and Islam Lecture Review

Vocabulary and key concepts from the lectures on Buddhism (Budhismo) and Islam, covering religious practices, founders, and core beliefs.

Budhista

The name given to a person who believes in Buddhism.

Buddha

A term meaning "The Enlightened One" or "Ang Naliwanagan."

Nirvana

The goal of Buddhism, representing freedom from suffering and the cycle of birth and death.

Samsara

The name for the cycle of birth and death according to Buddhism.

Vesak (Buddha Day)

The most important Buddhist celebration marking the birth, enlightenment, and parinirvana of Buddha.

Theravada Buddhism

Known as the "Teaching of the Elders," this branch focuses on the original teachings of Buddha for personal enlightenment.

Mahayana Buddhism

A branch of Buddhism that is more open and emphasizes helping others achieve enlightenment.

Bodhisattva

Beings in Mahayana Buddhism who help others before entering nirvana.

Tripitaka

The primary basis of Buddhism, consisting of the Sutta Pitaka (discourses), Vinaya Pitaka (monastic rules), and Adhidhamma Pitaka (philosophical analysis).

Apat na Maharlikang Katotohanan

The Four Noble Truths: (1) life involves suffering, (2) suffering is caused by desire, (3) suffering can be ended, and (4) the Noble Eightfold Path is the way to end it.

8 Noble Paths (Karunungan)

The wisdom component of the path, including Tamang Pananaw (Right View) and Tamang Layunin (Right Intention).

8 Noble Paths (Moralidad)

The morality component of the path, including Tamang Pananalita (Right Speech), Tamang Gawa (Right Action), and Tamang Pamumuhay (Right Livelihood).

8 Noble Paths (Disciplina ng Isipan)

The mental discipline component, including Tamang Pagsisikap (Right Effort) and Tamang Pag-iisip (Right Mindfulness).

8 Noble Paths (Pagninilay)

The meditation or reflection component, specifically Tamang Konsentrasyon (Right Concentration).

Loy Krathong

A festival of lights in Thailand involving floating offerings (krathong) as a symbol of gratitude and purification from sins.

Islam

A religion whose name means "peace" and "submission to the will of Allah."

Muslim

A follower or believer of the religion of Islam.

Propeta Muhammad

The founder and greatest prophet of Islam.

Allah

The name of the one God worshipped in Islam.

Origin of Islam

Islam originated in the Arabian Peninsula during the $7^{th}$ century.

632 CE

The year Prophet Muhammad died, which led to the division of the Muslim community over who should succeed him.

Sharia

The law or guide for living followed by Muslims.

Five Pillars of Islam

The primary beliefs and practices: Shahadah, Salah, Zakah, Sawm, and Hajj.

Shahadah

The declaration of faith in the one God, Allah, and the prophethood of Muhammad.

Salah

The daily prayer performed five times: Fajr, Dhuhr, Asr, Maghrib, and Isha.

Zakah

The practice of almsgiving or giving to the needy.

Sawm

Fasting practiced by Muslims, particularly during the holy month of Ramadan.

Hajj

The pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca or Makka.

Ramadan

A holy month in the Islamic calendar during which Muslims practice Sawm or fasting.

Eid al-Adha

A major Muslim celebration commemorating the sacrifice of Ibrahim.

Sunni

The largest branch of Islam ($85\text{-}90\%$) which believes leaders should be elected and recognizes Abu Bakr as the first caliph.

Shia

The branch of Islam ($10\text{-}15\%$) that believes leadership must come from the lineage of Prophet Muhammad, specifically his cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib.