scientific revolution study guide

who thought the earth was in the center of the universe?

Ptolemy

what did galileo discover?

1. moon craters and mountains

2. Venus phases

3. Jupiter’s moons

4. Milky Way stars

5. 1st pendulum clock

what did galileo's Law of the Pendulum state?

each swing of a pendulum takes the same amount of time no matter how far it swings

kepler's observations backed up whose theory?

Nicolaus Coperniceus' heliocentric theory

who thought the sun stood at the center of the universe?

Kepler

what did the Geocentric theory state

Earth is the center of the universe and everything orbits Earth

what did the Heliocentric theory state

Sun is the center of the universe and planets orbit the Sun

what new instruments were invented during the scientific revolution

1. telescope - used to observe the sky (Galileo)

2. microscope - to see tiny organisms (Janssen & Leeuwenhoek)

3. barometer - measure air pressure (Torricelli)

4. thermometer - measure temperature (Fahrenheit/Celsius)

5. pendulum clock - to measure time accurately (Huygens)

6. air pump - removed air to create a vacuum (Otto von Guericke)

what did janssen invent

first compound microscope

what did torricelli invent

mercury barometer

Fahrenheit freezing point

32 F

Fahrenheit boiling point

212 F

Celsius freezing point

0 C

Celsius boiling point

100 C

what did Newton's theory of gravity show

universal force acting between any 2 objects with mass, and keeps planets in orbit around the sun

definition of scientific method

systematic way for scientists to test ideas and gather info and use experiments to prove/disprove a hypotehsis

scientific method order

1. question

2. hypotehsis

3. experiment

4. analyze data

3. experiment

4. analyze data

what is empiricism

knowledge comes from experience and observation

who believed in empiricism

Francis Bacon

Janssen

invented first microscope

Leeuwenhoek

observed bacteria and tiny organisms under a microscope

Torricelli

invented barometer (measures air pressure)

Fahrenheit

created first mercury thermometer and developed Fahrenheit temp scale

Celsius

created Celsius temp scale

Vesalius

studied human anatomy by dissecting bodies

Harvey

discovered that blood circulates through the body and it pumped by the heart

Jenner

developed first vaccine against smallpox

Boyle

founder of modern chemistry and discovered relationship between gas pressure and volume (Boyle's Law)

Lavoisier

discovered role of O2 in combustion and helped create first list of chemical elements