Cranium and Facial Bones Definitions - Medicine Study Set

The superior and middle nasal conchae are apart of which bone?

Ethmoid

What are the four processes?

Zygomatic, alveolar, frontal, and palatine

What makes up the bony nasal septum?

Ethmoid and vomer

The zygomatic process articulates with which bone?

Zygomatic bone

What bone makes up most of the hard palate?

Maxillary bone

On the palatine bones, which portion makes up the posterior portion of the hard palate?

Horizontal portion of each "L"

What does the clinoid process go into?

TMJ

What is it called when all of the sinuses are connected as one?

Osteomeatal complex

To see all of the paranasal sinuses without superimposition, which position would you do?

Lateral

Which facial bone is unpaired?

Vomer

The palatine process is an aspect of which bone?

Maxillary

Lacrimal is derived from a word meaning:

Tear

What is the name of the process of the mandible that the lower teeth are embedded?

Alveolar process

The posterior aspect of the bony orbit is what?

Apex

Which paranasal sinus is the last one to develop?

Ethmoid

What passes through the optic foramen?

Second cranial nerve

For projections of the facial bones, do patients need to be standing or laying down?

Either or. Mostly done standing

Where are you centered for a lateral facial bone projection?

CR is perpendicular and centered to the zygoma.

Interpupillary line is perpendicular and mid-sagittal plane is parallel

Where are you centered for a parietoacanthial (Water's) projection for the facial bones?

CR is perpendicular is IR and exits at the acanthion

How much of an angle is formed between the OML and IR during a parietoacanthial (Water's) projection?

37*

What is best seen on a parietoacanthial (Water's) projection for the facial bones?

Maxillary sinuses and deviated septum

What happens to the petrous ridges during a parietoacanthial (Water's) projection for the facial bones?

They are moved under the maxillary sinuses

Where would you center for the PA axial Caldwell projection of the facial bones?

CR is angled 15* caudad and exits at the nasion

OML is perpendicular to IR

What is best seen on a PA axial Caldwell projection of the facial bones?

Upper orbital issues

Where would you center for a modified parietoacanthial (Water's) projection for the facial bones?

CR is perpendicular and exits at the acanthion

LML is perpendicular to the IR

How much of an angle is formed between the OML and IR during a modified parietoacanthial (Water's) projection for the facial bones?

55*

What is best seen on a modified parietoacanthial (Water's) projection for the facial bones?

Orbits without shape distortion

Where would you center for a lateral nasal bone projection?

CR is perpendicular and centered to 1/2 inch inferior (below) the nasion

Interpupillary line is perpendicular and mid-sagittal plane is parallel

Can you AEC or use a grid on a lateral nasal bone projection?

NO!!!!!!!!!!!

Which two projections would be used for nasal bones?

Parietoacanthial (Water's) projection and a lateral

What are the two routine projections for the mandible?

Axiolateral oblique and a PA (or PA axial)

For the mandible Axiolateral oblique projection of the RAMUS, how much rotation is needed?

None, keep head in a true lateral position

For the mandible Axiolateral oblique projection of the BODY, how much rotation is needed?

30* rotation towards the IR

For the mandible Axiolateral oblique projection of the MENTUM, how much rotation is needed?

45* rotation

For the mandible Axiolateral oblique projection for a GENERAL SURVERY, how much rotation is needed?

10-15* rotation

For the mandible Axiolateral oblique projection, what two things could you do to minimize the superimposition of the opposite mandibular body?

1. Combination of CR angle and tilt of the head (10 tilt and 15 CR angle)

2. 25* cephalic angle toward the IR with NO tilt of the head

Where would you center for a PA mandible projection?

CR is perpendicular, exits at the lips

OML is perpendicular to IR

What would be seen on a PA mandible projection?

Straight on view of the mandible

Where would you center for a PA axial mandible projection?

CR is perpendicular, exits at the lips with a 20-25* cephalic angle

OML is perpendicular to the IR

What would be seen/why would you do a PA axial mandible projection?

To visualize and elongate condyles of the mandible to see any fractures

Where would you center for an AP axial mandible projection?

CR to glabella

OML or IOML is perpendicular to the IR

- OML: angle 35* caudad

- IOML: angle 42* caudad

What would be seen on an AP axial mandible projection?

The condyloid processes are visualized and elongated to see any fractures

Where would you center for an SMV projection of the mandible?

CR: midway between mandibular angles

CR is perpendicular to IOML and IOML is parallel to the IR

What would be seen on an SMV projection of the mandible?

Entire mandible is viewed with no tilt or rotation

What would be seen on a Panorex view of the mandible? What is parallel to the floor?

Entire mandible and all the teeth

IOML is parallel to the floor

Where would you center for an AP axial (Modified Towne's) projection for TMJ?

CR: level of TMJ (2 inches anterior to EAM)

OML is perpendicular to the IR

- OML: 35* caudad angle

- IOML: 42* caudad angle

What would be seen on an AP axial (Modified Towne's) projection for TMJ?

Condyloid processes and TM fossa is demonstrated.

Used to elongate the condyles to see any fractures

Where would you center for an Axiolateral oblique (Modified Law Method) projection of the TMJ?

CR: 1 1/2 inches superior to the upside EAM, skull is rotated 15* towards the IR, 15 caudad angle

Will do closed and opened mouth projection

What would be seen on an Axiolateral oblique (Modified Law Method) projection of the TMJ?

TMJ closest to the IR would be demonstrated

Where would you center for an Axiolateral TMJ (Schuller) projection?

CR: enters 1/2 inch anterior and 2 inch superior to the upside EAM, angled 25-30* caudad

True lateral

What would be seen on an Axiolateral TMJ (Schuller) projection?

TMJ closest to the IR would be demonstrated

Where would you center for a lateral sinus projection?

CR: midway between the outer canthus and EAM

What would be seen on a lateral sinus projection?

All sinuses shown with no superimposition

Where would you center for a PA Caldwell projection of the sinuses?

Horizontal CR: exits nasion, OML is 15* from horizontal

Raise OML 15* instead of angling the tube

What would be seen on a PA Caldwell projection of the sinuses?

Frontal and ethmoid sinuses

Where would you center for a Parietoacanthial (Water's) projection of the sinuses?

Horizontal CR: exit at the acanthion

MML perpendicular to IR

What would be seen on a Parietoacanthial (Water's) projection of the sinuses?

Maxillary sinuses

Where would you center for an SMV projection of the sinuses?

Horizontal CR: between the angles of mandible

IOML parallel to IR

What would be seen on an SMV projection of the sinuses?

Ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses

Mandibular condyles anterior to petrous ridges

Where would you center for a PA transoral (Water's) sinuses projection?

Horizontal CR: exit at acanthion

MML perpendicular to the IR

Open mouth

What would be seen on a PA transoral (Water's) sinuses projection?

Sphenoid sinuses

What is the angle between the OML and the plane of the IR for the parietoacanthial (Waters) projection?

37*

How much must the skull be rotated from a lateral position to best demonstrate the BODY of the mandible for the axiolateral oblique projection?

30*

How much is the CR angled for an AP axial projection of the mandible if the IOML is perpendicular to the IR?

42*