SCIENCE (MCQ on Division of Ethics — Deontological Ethics)

1. What is another name for deontological ethics?

   a) Consequential ethics
   b) Duty-based ethics
   c) Moral relativism
   d) Virtue ethics

b) Duty-based ethics

2. The word "deontological" is derived from the Greek word "deon," which means:

   a) Virtue
   b) Reason
   c) Duty
   d) Action

c) Duty

3. According to deontology, what determines the morality of an action?

   a) The person performing it
   b) The consequences it produces
   c) The action itself
   d) The intentions behind it

c) The action itself

4. Which of the following would a deontologist consider morally wrong, regardless of outcome?

   a) Donating to charity
   b) Lying to protect a friend
   c) Feeding the poor
   d) Following traditions

b) Lying to protect a friend

5. Who is considered the key figure in the development of deontological ethics?

   a) John Stuart Mill
   b) Aristotle
   c) Immanuel Kant
   d) Jeremy Bentham

c) Immanuel Kant

6. What principle did Kant introduce to define moral obligations?

   a) Utility Principle
   b) Categorical Imperative
   c) Greatest Happiness Principle
   d) Hypothetical Imperative

b) Categorical Imperative

7. Which of the following best defines a hypothetical imperative?

   a) A rule based on achieving a goal
   b) A universal law
   c) A moral absolute
   d) A divine command

a) A rule based on achieving a goal

8. Which imperative is based on duty regardless of desires or outcomes?

   a) Conditional Imperative
   b) Hypothetical Imperative
   c) Categorical Imperative
   d) Temporal Imperative

c) Categorical Imperative

9. What is one of the three formulations of Kant’s Categorical Imperative?

   a) The Principle of Maximum Utility
   b) The Formula of Self-Esteem
   c) The Formula of Universal Law
   d) The Principle of Beneficence

c) The Formula of Universal Law

10. According to Kant, it is morally wrong to lie even to:

    a) Save money
    b) Impress someone
    c) Save a friend from a murderer
    d) Keep peace in the family

c) Save a friend from a murderer

11. What type of ethical theory argues that actions are right if in accordance with God's commands?

    a) Virtue Ethics
    b) Contractarianism
    c) Divine Command Theory
    d) Libertarianism

c) Divine Command Theory

12. According to Duty Theories, an action is morally right if it:

    a) Brings happiness to others
    b) Follows one’s list of obligations
    c) Achieves positive results
    d) Maximizes pleasure

b) Follows one’s list of obligations

13. Rights Theories emphasize:

    a) Social order
    b) Mutual benefit
    c) Respecting individual rights
    d) Following traditions

c) Respecting individual rights

14. What does Contractarianism base its moral correctness on?

    a) Social hierarchy
    b) Divine approval
    c) Rational agreements for mutual benefit
    d) Ancestral values

c) Rational agreements for mutual benefit

15. What is Monistic Deontology based on?

    a) A list of moral codes
    b) A single overriding deontological principle
    c) Multiple societal agreements
    d) Maximizing outcomes

b) A single overriding deontological principle

16. Why is giving money to a poor person considered ethical in deontology, even if it leads to a bad consequence?

    a) Because it makes the giver feel good
    b) Because the act itself—giving—is morally good
    c) Because it's socially accepted
    d) Because outcomes justify actions

b) Because the act itself—giving—is morally good

17. What is one advantage of deontology?

    a) It promotes utilitarian outcomes
    b) It gives clear and consistent rules
    c) It’s flexible and situational
    d) It prioritizes happiness

b) It gives clear and consistent rules

18. What is a disadvantage of deontological ethics?

    a) It’s based on public opinion
    b) It ignores duty and focuses on pleasure
    c) It struggles with complex real-world situations
    d) It allows too many exceptions

c) It struggles with complex real-world situations

19. Deontological ethics are said to be absolutist because:

    a) They are always flexible
    b) They change with culture
    c) They apply moral rules universally without exception
    d) They prioritize emotions

c) They apply moral rules universally without exception

20. A supererogatory act is one that:

    a) Is required by law
    b) Brings the greatest happiness
    c) Goes beyond the call of moral duty
    d) Avoids responsibility

c) Goes beyond the call of moral duty