Ana - Tissue Types

List the four kinds of tissue

Epithelial, Muscle, Nervous, Connective

Extracellular matrix (aka ECM) Definition

Non-cellular part of tissue. It consists of glycoproteins and polysaccharides. Produced largely by the tissue's cells

Epithelial tissue (definition and function)

The millions of cells that line the external and internal surfaces of the body. All epithelial tissue is nonvascular, receiving no direct blood supply. Epithelium functions as the lining of the body providing protection as well as areas of absorption and secretion.

Epithelial ECM - Called the basement membrane. Made up of two layers; the basal lamina which is superficial to the lamina reticularis.

Name the types of epithelial tissue

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar. Can be simple or stratified. Also includes transitional epithelial and pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelial tissue.

Simple squamous epithelial

location - Air sacs of lungs, lines the inside of heart and blood vessels.

Simple columnar epithelium

Location - Lines most organs of the digestive tract including the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine. Also lines the uterus.

Identify

A - Apical surface

B - Basal surface

C - Basement membrane

Simple cuboidal epithelium -

Location - Lines kidney tubules and the small ducts of many glands.

Ciliated Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

Location - Ciliated lines the trachea as well as the upper respiratory tract. Non-ciliated found in the membranous part of male vas deferens

Identify

A - Goblet cell

B - Cilia

C - Basement membrane

Transitional epithelium

Location - mucosal lining of your ureters, a portion of your urethra, and your urinary bladder.

Stratified squamous epithelium - keratinized

Location - outer layer of skin

Stratified squamous epithelium - non keratinized

Location - vagina, mouth

Identify

Basement membrane

Connective tissue (definition and function)

A body tissue that provides support for the body and connects all of its parts

Types of connective tissue (aka CT)

Connective tissue proper, cartilage, bone and blood.

Connective tissue proper (varieties)

areolar, reticular, adipose, dense regular collagenous, dense irregular collagenous, dense elastic, hyaline cartilage, fibrocartilage, elastic cartilage

Areolar (Loose CT)

Function - Holds organs in place and attaches epithelial tissue to other underlying tissues. Almost all cells obtain their nutrients from and release their wastes into this connective tissue.

Location - Underneath nearly all epithelial tissue

Identify

A - Fibroblast cells

B - Collagen fibers

C - Elastic fibers

D - White blood cell

E - Reticular fibers

Reticular CT

Function - The abundant reticular fibers form a soft network to support organs

Location - Kidneys, lymph nodes, red bone marrow, and spleen

Identify

A - Fibroblast

B - Reticular fiber

Adipose CT

Function - Acts as an insulating layer. It also has a protective function, providing mechanical protection ("padding") and support. Also functions in energy storage.

Location - Around major organs, subcutaneous layer of skin

Identify

Adipocyte

Dense regular collagenous CT

Function - Provides strength in a single plane

Location - Forms all tendons and ligaments. Coverings surrounding bone, cartilage, nerve fibers and muscle fibers (fascia).

Identify

A - Fibroblast cells

B - Collagen fibers

Dense irregular collagenous CT

Function - Provides strength in multiple planes

Location - forms the capsules that surround our internal organs such as the pericardium and the renal capsule.

Identify

A - Fibroblast cells

B - Collagen fibers

Elastic CT

Function - Allows for stretch and recoil

Location - Found in arge blood vessel like the aorta and some ligaments

Identify

A - Elastic fibers

Hyaline cartilage

Function - Provides smooth surfaces, enabling tissues to move/slide easily over each other

Location - ends of long bones where they articulate with other bones, nose, ends of ribs where they meet the sternum

Identify

A - Chondrocyte

B - Ground substance

C - Lacunae

Fibrocartilage

Function - Resists deformation at great stress

Location - Vertebral discs and some bone-ligament junctions

Identify

A - Collagen fibers

B - Chondrocyte

C - Lacunae

Elastic cartilage

Function - Structural support with flexibility

Location - External ear, end of nose

Identify

A - Lacunae

B - Chondrocyte

C - Elastic fibers

Bone tissue

Function - Attachment for muscles, movement, support, manufacture blood cells

Location - Bones

Identify

A - Lacunae

Osteocytes (found inside lacunae)

Canaliculi (small hair-like canals radiating from lacunae)

B - Osteon

C - Central canal (Haversian canal)

D - Concentric lamella

Blood tissue

Function - Transports nutrients and waste throughout the body

Location - Fluid of the cardiovascular system

Identify

A - Leukocytes

B - Thrombocytes

C - Erythrocytes

B - Neuron

Function - A cell that carries information through the nervous system

Identify

B - Cell body

C - Dendrites

A - Neuroglia

Function - Cells that support, insulate and protect neurons

Types of muscle tissue (image, function, location)

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Skeletal muscle tissue

Function - Movement of skeleton, mostly voluntary

Identify

A - Myocyte (single muscle cell sometimes called muscle fiber)

B - Nuclei (myocytes are multinucleated)

C - Striations

Cardiac muscle tissue

Function - Involuntary contraction of the heart

Location - Heart

Identify

Striations

Muscle fibers

Nuclei (myocytes have single nucleus)

A - Intercalated discs (gap junctions)

Smooth muscle tissue

Function - Involuntary peristalsis of digestive tract, also around arteries and veins

Identify

A - Myocyte (Muscle cell or fiber)

B - Nuclei