HIST 1301 Notes

Henry the 8th

Kept marrying because he wanted a son to be the next king, breaks from the Catholic Church to start the Anglican Church.

Mary I

Came to power after Henry VIII and reverted England back to Catholicism.

Anglican Church

The Church of England started by Henry VIII, who became its head after breaking from the Catholic Church.

Protestants

Christians who protested against the Catholic Church.

Indentured Servants

Laborers who agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to America.

Headright system

A program that awarded land to settlers in the American Colonies during the European colonization period.

House of Burgesses

The first elected assembly in colonial America, where only landowners could vote.

Tobacco economy

The economic system in Virginia based on the cultivation and exportation of tobacco.

Slavery in Virginia

Began in 1619 when white Virginians bought enslaved Africans for the first time, leading to a shift from indentured servitude to racial slavery.

Virginia Slave Codes (1662)

Laws that defined slaves as property and established conditions for slavery, ensuring children of enslaved women would also be enslaved.

The Great Awakening

A religious revival in the colonies that emphasized individual judgement and widespread participation in religion.

Navigation Acts

Laws that required valuable goods to be shipped on English ships and ports to collect revenues for England.

Salutary Neglect

A policy of avoiding strict enforcement of British laws in the colonies, as long as they remained loyal.

The Albany Plan

A proposal for colonial unity against France, rejected by individual colonies despite acceptance by delegates.

Boston Tea Party (1773)

A protest against British tea monopoly and taxes that involved colonists dumping tea into Boston Harbor.

First Continental Congress

Delegates from twelve colonies met to address colonial grievances and organize resistance against British policies.

Declaration of Independence

The document declaring the American colonies' independence from British rule, signed on July 4, 1776.

Federalists

Supporters of a strong centralized government during the ratification debate of the U.S. Constitution.

Anti-Federalists

Opponents of a strong central government who feared it would threaten individual rights, leading to the demand for a Bill of Rights.

Missouri Compromise

An agreement to maintain balance between free states and slave states by admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state.

Trail of Tears

The forced relocation of Native Americans from their homelands, leading to the suffering and death of many.

The War of 1812

The conflict between the United States and Britain over maritime rights and territorial expansion.

The Market Revolution

The transformation of the American economy from subsistence farming to commercial agriculture and industrialization.

Transcendentalism

A philosophical movement advocating for individuality and self-reliance, emphasized by figures like Emerson and Thoreau.

Whiskey Rebellion

An uprising against the federal excise tax on whiskey, reflecting tensions between rural farmers and the federal government.

Nativism

A political policy that favored native-born residents over immigrants, leading to anti-immigrant sentiments.

Cotton Gin

An invention by Eli Whitney that revolutionized cotton processing and intensified the reliance on slave labor.

Harriet Tubman

An abolitionist and key figure in the Underground Railroad, who helped many enslaved people escape to freedom.

Gabriel Prosser

Leader of a slave rebellion in 1800 in Virginia that aimed to gain freedom for enslaved people.

King Cotton

A term that reflects the significant role cotton played in the Southern economy before the Civil War.

Slave Codes

Laws that established the status of enslaved people and their rights in relation to free people.

The Bill of Rights

The first ten amendments to the Constitution that guarantee individual liberties.

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States known for his populist policies and the Indian Removal Act.

The Corrupt Bargain

The alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay during the election of 1824, where Adams was elected by the House of Representatives.

The Democratic Party

Political party founded under Andrew Jackson that promoted the rights of the common man and opposed elitism.