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What are the three types of muscle tissue
Smooth, skeletal, cardiac
What muscle tissue controls digestion
Smooth muscle tissue
What muscle is voluntary
Skeletal muscle tissue
What does skeletal muscle do
Allows muscles to shorten (for movement)
What muscle moves the face
Skeletal muscle tissue
What is unique about cardiac muscle
Involuntarily controlled
Which muscle has branching cells
Cardiac muscle tissue
What is the heart's muscle called
Cardiac muscle tissue
What muscle moves hollow organs
Smooth muscle tissue
What muscle type causes peristalsis
Smooth muscle
How are smooth muscle cells shaped
Spindle-shaped
What restores function: regeneration or fibrosis
Regeneration
What affects healing: injury location or tissue type
Tissue type
What does granulation tissue support
Growth of new capillaries (supports regeneration, rebuild of collagen fibers, and tissue repair): Phagocytes dispose of blood clots and fibroblasts
Which muscle tissue regenerates poorly
Epithelial muscle tissue
What tissue type does NOT help with respiration
Skeletal tissue
What does connective tissue support
*Bone and cartilage
What is the extracellular matrix
Non living material that surrounds living cells
What connective fiber is elastic
Elastic cartilage
What fiber is collagen
Reticular collagen
What cells are in cartilage
Chondrocyte (cartalige cells)
Which cartilage is most common
Chondrocyte cartilage cells
What is fibrocartilage's function
Forms the cushion like disks between the vertebrae of the spinal column.
What stores fat
Subcutaneous tissues beneath the skin
What are chondrocytes
Cartilage cells
What tissue is compressible
Connective muscle tissue
What tissue cushions the vertebrae
Fibro cartilage tissue (connective tissue)
What's the main element in dense connective tissue
Collagen fibers
What does blood do
Blood helps to transport nutrients, wastes, respiratory gases, and muscle tissue
What does mRNA do
Carries the instructions for building a protein from the nucleus to the ribosome
What connects DNA triplets to mRNA codons
*Condon
What are the mRNA codons for AAT-CGT-TCG
UUA-GCA-AGC
Define epithelial tissue
Intermediate fibers resist tearing during rubbing or pulling
What are the four main body tissues
Connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue
What is NOT an epithelial function
Control
What is epithelial tissue specialized for
Absorption, secretion, and filtration (hormones)
What epithelial tissue lines the lungs
Simple squamous epithelial tissue
What is simple columnar epithelium for
Goblet cells secrete mucus
What does transitional epithelium do
It stretches and has the ability to return to normal shape
What is a selectively permeable membrane
Some materials can pass through while others can not
What transport uses ATP
Active transport
What transport doesn't need energy
Passive transport
What moves water across a membrane
Fluid or hydrostatic pressure
What happens to cells in hypertonic solutions
Cells shrink
What drives diffusion
* The presence of a pressure gradient
What does facilitated diffusion move
Lipid-insoluble and large substances
What does filtration do in kidneys
Protects the kidneys
What moves substances against a gradient
Active transport (ATP/energy)
What does the sodium-potassium pump do
Pumps sodium out of the cell
What does exocytosis do
Mechanism cells are used to actively secrete hormones, mucus, and other products
What is phagocytosis called
Cell eating
What do cilia do in the respiratory system
Move mucus
How does cell shape affect function
*It regulates the response to extracellular signals.
How many types of cells are in the body
50 to 100 trillion cells
What do microvilli increase
Increase surface area for absorption
What do erythrocytes carry
Oxygen from the lungs
What do fibroblasts do
Cells that build/make fibers
What do intermediate fibers resist
They resist tearing during rubbing or pulling
What do white blood cells do
Digest infectious micro organisms
What do nerve cells control
Nerve cells receive and transmit messages to other body structures
What is the Cell Theory
1. A cell is a basic structural and functional unit of living organisms
2. The activity of an organism depends on the collective activities of its cells
3. Continuity of life has a cellular basis
4. The principle of complementarity says the biochemical structure of cells is dictated by their anatomy which determines their physiology
What percentage of cells is water
60%
What does the nucleus do
The control center of the cell and contains DNA
What is the plasma membrane's role
Transparent barrier for cell contents
What do glycoproteins do in the membrane
They act as a cellular glue (in the glycocalyx)
What do desmosomes do
Anchoring junctions-prevent cells from being pulled apart as a result of mechanical stress
What is a connexon
Hollow cylinders of protein
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