Philosophy: Second Quarter

Love is the gift of Self

A characteristic of Love which states that love is giving, giving of the best, giving of the self to the other.

Love is the gift of Self

“If someone believes in me and trusts in me, I try to live up to her faith and trust and will try to never hurt, disappoint or fail her.”

Love Grows and should Grow

A characteristic of Love which states that love must not be taken for granted; just as someone can fall in love, so too can they fall out of love.

Love Grows and should Grow

A characteristic of Love which states that when love dies, it is difficult to resurrect it.

Love Grows and should Grow

“Winning the girl is not an accomplishment, but keeping her is.”

Love is shown by Deed rather than Words

A characteristic of Love which states that love is not only saying it, but doing it. Love is effective, it takes action.

Love is shown by Deed rather than Words

“Actions speaks louder than words.”

Love is Creative

A characteristic of Love which states that love creates the lover. If I love a person, I am never the same again. I change.

Love is Mutual or Reciprocal

A characteristic of Love which states that love is an appeal.

Love is Mutual or Reciprocal

How can I love the other unless he has already begun to love me? How is it possible that I can love a person very much and yet that person does not love me as much?

Care, Responsibility, Respect, Knowledge

Basic Elements of Love

Care

Element of Love that is most evident in a mother’s love for her child.

Responsibility

Element of Love that often mean to denote duty, something imposed upon one from the outside.

Respect

Element of Love that means the concern the other person should grow and unfold as he is.

Knowledge

Element of Love that means the understanding, awareness, familiarity gained by a person through experiences, education, or learning.

Care, Responsibility, Respect, Knowledge

Syndrome of attitudes which are to be found in the mature person.

Mature Person

Someone who develop his powers productively, only wants to have that which he has worked for, given up narcissistic dreams of omniscience and omnipotence, acquired humility based on the inner strength.

Ludus, Mania, Eros, Pragma, Philia, Storge, Philautia, Agape

8 Types of Love (John Allen Lee’s Love Wheel)

Playful Love

Ludus

Obsessive Love

Mania

Erotic Love

Eros

Enduring Love

Pragma

Friendship Love

Philia

Familial Love

Storge

Self-Love

Philautia

Selfless Love

Agape

Social Philosophy

Study of Questions about social behavior.

Social Philosophy

Attempts to understand the patterns, changes, and tendencies of society.

Auguste Comte

Father of Sociology

Sociology

Study of human social behavior, especially the study of origins, organization, institutions, and development of human society.

Companion/Associate

Meaning of ‘Socius’

Science/Study

Meaning of ‘Logos’

Science of Society

Etymological meaning of Sociology

Society

A group of people involved in persistent social interaction.

Family

The primary social institution.

Genetic

Traits that determine our physiological attributes, significantly affects our personality and behavior in society.

The Republic

Plato’s famous book, where he presented his theory of an ideal society.

Appetitive/Producers

Government Structure that are laborers who make goods and services in the society.

Auxiliaries/Spirited/Guardians

Government Structure that are those who keep order in the society and protect it from invaders.

Reason/Rulers

Government Structure that are the most intelligent, rational, self-controlled, in love with wisdom, well suited to make decisions for the community, and who promote the interest of the society as a whole.

Philosopher King

The ruler of Plato’s ideal society

The Politics

Aristotle’s famous work, which states that Man is a Social Animal and he must satisfy certain natural basic needs in order to survive.

Aristotle

He think that Society is a natural thing. He shows how man is compelled by his nature to form societies.

Monarchy, Tyranny

According to “The Politics”, this is a government ruled by one ruler/s.

Aristocracy, Oligarchy

According to “The Politics”, this is a government ruled by few ruler/s.

Polity, Democracy

According to “The Politics”, this is a government ruled by many ruler/s.

St. Thomas Aquinas

He teaches that man is naturally a political being and as such seeks to live in the community or society.

St. Thomas Aquinas

Believed that man must live in community/society for the purpose of a common good and bring people to live together under one ruler.

St. Thomas Aquinas

The state is under the authority of the church since the political sovereignty has its authority from God.

Thanatology

It is concerned with the notion of death as popularly perceived and especially with the reactions of the dying.

Thanatology

A scientific discipline that examines death from many perspectives.

Death

Event that represents the permanent cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.

Philosophy as an “Exercise in Dying”

We universally faced with the ultimate consequence of consciousness: we know we must die.

Soul Dies with the Body, Reincarnation, Immortality of Soul, Resurrection of the Body

Philosophizing on the Possibility of Life after Death

Theological Perspective

This is the time that the person’s body is separated from their soul. (The Immaterial part of Humans)

Medical Perspective

Death is the total and permanent cessation of all vital bodily functions.

Ancient View of Death

Attributed death to the agency of the gods, elves, demons, or evil spirits who are jealous of humans/offended by man’s sins.

Biological View of Death

Death is the end of man considered to be a living organism.

Biological View of Death

Condition in which there is a total or irreversible loss of circulatory and respiratory functions of the human body.

Psychological View of Death

Death is the end of one’s life.

Psychological View of Death

The issue is usually studied scientifically when death is imminent such as when the subject is aging or has a terminal illness.

Theological View of Death

St. Thomas Aquinas says that “The necessity of dying for man is partly from nature and partly from sin.”

Theological View of Death

Point of view of Death is natural, while point of view of the body, then man is mortal and doomed to die.

Theological View of Death

Man is not only a body, but also a soul: the spiritual element in man’s composition.

Philosophical View of Death

Plato explains that fear of death is natural to humans, but death should be viewed as the achievement of life.

Philosophical View of Death

Soul is immortal and will remain after the physical destruction of the body.

Philosophical View of Death

Conceptions of death are one-sided, incomplete experiences that occur during life, never after death.

Body Cease to Function, Body is Consigned to Grave, Name is Spoken for the Last Time

Three Types of Death in Philosophy

Christian

Believes in the afterlife, which vary between denominations and individual Christians, thought majority believe in a heaven in which they can enjoy presence of God.

Christian

They once favored burial but today both cremation and burial are practiced.

Islam

They believe that after death the soul will enter Barzakh, state of waiting, until the Day of Judgement.

Azra’il

After death in Islam, their soul will be taken by this Angel.

Barzakh

State of waiting, in which God sends two angels to question the waiting soul.

Jannah

Described with physical pleasures such as gardens, beautiful houris, wine that has no aftereffects, and “divine pleasures”.

Directly goes to Heaven, Enter after Enduring Hell

Two Categories of People who enter Heaven in Islam

Temporary, Forever

Two Categories of People who enter Hell in Islam

Islam

There is a mourning period of 3 days, where family will remain at home and be brought food.

Islam

Present life is only a preparation for the next realm of existence. Movement from one world to another.

Charity, Knowledge, Prayers

Three things that can continue to help a person after death

Islam

The body of the deceased is washed and covered in a clean white cloth and prepared for burial.

Salaatul Janaazah

Funeral prayer, usually held for the deceased by the local Muslim Community, asking for God’s mercy blessings.

Islam

Bodies are buried (placed directly on the earth), as cremation is forbidden.

Hinduism

Death in this is spiritual and strongly believes in rebirth and reincarnation of the soul.

Hinduism

When a person dies, the soul travels for some time to another world and finally returns again to the earth to continue its journey.

Hinduism

Believe that humans are in a cycle of death and rebirth called Samsara.

Hinduism

When a person dies, their atman (soul) is reborn in a different body.

Hinduism

Believe that good or bad actions in life leading to positive/negative merit - determine the atman’s rebirth.

Hinduism

Believe that humans may be reborn in animal form, only occurs if atman has repeatedly failed to learn lessons in human form.

Hinduism

Believe that body serves no purpose, therefore does not need to be preserved. They choose not to bury, but to cremate their loved ones.

Buddhism

Do not think of death as a continuation of the soul but consider it as an awakening.

Buddhism

Once a person dies on this earth, he will be reborn to a new life here and the status of life depends on the work he did before his previous death.

Judaism

Believes that death is not the end of human existence. They are more focused on life here (present) rather than the afterlife (future).

Orthodox Jews

Believe that the souls of the wicked are tormented by demon of their creation or are simply destroyed after death.

Judaism

The body must be buried in the ground. Embalming, cremation, entombment is prohibited.

Atang

Feast prepared by the bereaved family. Made up of the favorite food of the deceased.

Indigenous Filipino View

Bury the deceased with their personal belongings.

Indigenous Filipino View

Keeping the deceased body in the family’s home during grieving process.

Spanish Influence Filipino View

Filipinos perform Novena, a catholic prayer session that consists of the reciting of the original prayers and using rosary prayer beads.

Novena

Catholic prayer session, done by reciting of original prayers using a rosary. Lasting for Nine days. Performed in the home in front of the deceased body.

American Influence Filipino View

Novena prayers were moved to funeral homes because U.S. laws prohibit keeping dead bodies in the home.