Bone Tissue

Flashcards on Bone Tissue Lecture

Woven Bone

Bone tissue with randomly oriented collagen fibers, initially formed during embryonic development and fracture repair.

Lamellar Bone

Bone tissue organized into sheets or layers known as lamellae, found in all bones of the body.

Spongy Bone (Cancellous/Trabecular Bone)

Lamellar bone with less bone matrix and more space, giving it a porous appearance; found inside bones.

Compact Bone (Cortical Bone)

Dense lamellar bone with few spaces, found on the outside of all bones and forming the shafts of long bones.

Trabeculae

Connecting rods or plate-like structures that make up the bone matrix in spongy bone.

Lacunae

Small spaces within the bone matrix where osteocytes are located.

Canaliculi

Small canals connecting lacunae, allowing for nutrient and gas exchange between osteocytes.

Periosteum

Double layer of dense fibrous connective tissue and a cell layer surrounding the outside of bones.

Medullary Cavity

Space within the bone, such as in the shafts of long bones, filled with bone marrow.

Endosteum

Connective tissue lining the inside of bone within the medullary cavity, containing osteogenic cells.

Perforating Canals (Volkmann's Canals)

Canals that run perpendicular to the length of the bone, allowing blood vessels to enter.

Central Canals (Haversian Canals)

Canals that run parallel to the length of the bone, containing blood vessels within organized units of bone.

Concentric Lamellae

Lamellae that form concentric circles around blood vessels in the central canal of compact bone.

Osteon (Haversian System)

Structure within compact bone consisting of a central canal and surrounding concentric lamellae.

Circumferential Lamellae

Lamellae that run around the outside and inside of the entire bone, bundling osteons together.

Interstitial Lamellae

Shortened pieces of lamellar bone that fill spaces between osteons in compact bone.

Epiphysis

The region of the bone that's closest to the end of the bone

Diaphysis

Shaft portion of the bone

Metaphysis

Regions connecting the diaphysis and the epiphysis

Articular Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage layer surrounding the outside of the epiphysis

Epiphyseal Plate (Growth Plate)

Cartilage present between the epiphysis and diaphysis

Epiphyseal Line

The line that the epiphyseal plate will become when hyaline cartilage ossifies.

Osteogenesis/Ossification

Process of forming bone tissue

Intramembranous Ossification

Bone formation in connective tissue membranes, occurring in skull bones, mandible, and parts of the clavicle.

Mesenchyme Cells

The stem cells that will form all the different connective tissues in the body

Endochondral Ossification

Bone formation starting as cartilage, then being replaced by bone; occurs in the base of the skull, parts of the clavicle, and most other bones.

Appositional Growth

Bone growth occurs on the surface of old bone

Zone of Resting Cartilage

The region of cartilage that is closest to the epiphyseal

Zone of Proliferating Cartilage

Region where rapidly dividing chondrocytes divide into stacks that look like stacks of coins

Zone of Hypertrophy

Region where chondrocytes are enlarging and maturing, and they start to secrete matrix vesicles containing hydroxyapatite

Zone of Calcified Cartilage

A calcified cartilage layer formed and the chondrocytes die off

Bone Remodelling

Continuous function where osteoclasts will break the bone down and the osteoblasts will build the bone back up