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4 basic methods of presenting a speech
Manuscript
Memorized
Impromptu
Extemporaneous
A method where the speaker reads the speech word for word to the audience.
ex. newscasters
A method where the speech is committed to memory and recited word for word.
ex. actors
A method of delivering an unprepared and unrehearsed speech, typically short.
ex. Toasts
Vocal aspects of delivery
Articulation, Pronunciation, dialect, tone, pitch, and projection
How well and correctly we form our vowels and consonants using our speech organs. Same idea as diction and enunciation
The production of vowels and consonants, including the emphasis on syllables.
Missed pronounced words lessen credibility
Accents
the degree of prominence of the way syllables are spoken in words
A variety of language distinguished by grammar and vocabulary.
Ex. In Pennsylvania you might hear people say that they are going to “red up the room,” which means “to clean the room.”
A type of expression unique to a specific area.
ex. “The dog wants walked,” instead of “the dog wants to go for a walk.”
Distinctive sound (timbre) and texture of the speaker's voice.
ex. warm, clear, soft, etc
Pitch and Inflection
The highness or lowness of the voice.
Inflections: variations in pitch to achieve meaning
The speed at which a speaker delivers their speech.
too slow: the speech may resemble a monotonous peal
too fast: the articulation could suffer if consonants or vowels are dropped or rushed to keep up the speed.
Audience is frustrated with either extreme
Movement and gestures
Movement should be relaxed and natural, not a response to nervousness
If movements and gestures seem artificial then you lose credibility
Facial Expressions
facial expression is a valid form of communication, it is integral to delivering a speech
-Should be natural and not artificial
Solidifies the relationship between speaker and audience.
Eye contact failures:
head bobber: This is a person who bobs his or her head looking down on the notes and up to the audience in an almost rhythmic pattern
balcony gazer: A person who looks over the heads of his or her audience to avoid looking at any individual
the obsessor: A person who looks at one or two audience members or who only looks in one direction
Preparing notes
-Use note cards only written on one side
-Large enough words that you can read them
-No long sentences except statistics
-Number Note Cards
-Practice with note cards
Rehearsing the Speech
-Rehearse aloud with practice audience
-Time the speech to make sure it is long enough
-Plan what to do with your hands
-Memorize start and finish
A memorized introduction accomplishes:
-gives you the opportunity to breathe, and realize it’s not so bad
-Second, it lets the audience know you are prepared.
-Third, it signals to the audience that what you are about to say is important.
-Finally, it gives you the opportunity for direct eye contact (because you are not reading) and commands the audience’s attention
Techniques to relieve tension that could affect speech performance.
Ex. exercise, be prepared
