EMT Comprehensive Study Guide: Chapters 25-28

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering trauma operations, bleeding management, soft-tissue injuries, burns, and head/neck trauma based on Chapters 25-28 of the EMT study guide.

Platinum 10 Minutes

The target time frame spent on scene before initiating transport for a critical trauma patient.

Arterial Bleeding

Blood loss characterized as bright red blood spurting in rhythm with the pulse.

Hematemesis

The medical term for vomiting blood, which serves as a sign of internal bleeding.

Grey Turner sign

Bruising over the flanks that indicates potential internal bleeding.

Hypovolemic Shock

A state indicated by cool, clammy skin, increased respiratory rate, anxiety, and agitation following fluid or blood loss.

Epistaxis

The medical term for a nosebleed.

Abrasion

A type of superficial soft-tissue injury.

Avulsion

A soft-tissue injury characterized by a flap of skin or tissue hanging from the body.

Amputated Digit Management

The process of wrapping an amputated finger in moist, sterile gauze, sealing it in a plastic bag, and keeping it cool without placing it directly on ice.

Partial-Thickness Burn

A burn identified by redness, blisters, severe pain, and a moist skin appearance.

Primary (1) Blast Injury

Injury resulting from direct damage from the pressure wave of an explosion, such as blast lung or eardrum rupture.

Secondary (2) Blast Injury

Injuries caused by flying debris or shrapnel following an explosion.

Tertiary (3) Blast Injury

Injuries resulting from the patient being thrown against a physical object by the force of an explosion.

Quaternary (4) Blast Injury

Miscellaneous injuries from an explosion, including burns, toxic inhalation, or radiation.

Orbital Fracture

Also known as a blowout fracture, it presents with double vision, nasal bleeding, and paralysis of eye movement.

Vitreous Humor

The fluid filled in the posterior chamber that gives the eye its structural shape.

Maxillary Fracture

A facial injury characterized by massive swelling and a dish-face appearance.

Pinna

The outer portion of the ear composed entirely of cartilage and skin.

Tympanic Membrane Rupture

An injury suspected when a patient presents with a foreign object in the ear canal, bleeding, and tinnitus.

Subcutaneous Emphysema

A crackling sensation caused by air leaking from a tracheal or laryngeal injury into the soft tissues.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Clear fluid that may leak from the nose or ears following significant head trauma.

Cervical Spine

The portion of the spinal column consisting of $7$ vertebrae.

Cushing's Triad

A set of hallmark signs for elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) consisting of bradycardia, hypertension with widening pulse pressure, and irregular respirations.