Conceptual Physics Review

The synthesis of a large collection of information that contains well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the world is known as a scientific

none of the above

hypothesis.

theory.

fact.

law or principle.

Theory

For a scientific hypothesis to be valid, there must be a test for proving it

wrong.

right.

conclusively one way or the other.

Wrong

If a scientific theory is challenged by new evidence, which of the following could occur?

the theory is accepted, not the evidence

the evidence is considered wrong and hence discarded

a vote is taken from the scientific community on whether to accept the new evidence

the theory could be modified or changed

The theory could be modified or changed

Which of the following involves passion, talent, and intelligence?

all of the choices are correct

literature

music

art

science

All of the choices are correct

Science, art, and religion normally need not contradict one another because

choosing the right one means no need to heed the other two.

all three involve different domains.

choosing science means no need to heed religion and art.

choosing religion and art means no need to heed science.

All Three involve different domains

When a dishonest scientist reports false information, he or she

is elevated in the scientific community.

as in many other professions, will be excused by the scientific community.

gets no second chance in the scientific community.

Gets no second chance in the scientific community

Technology is a tool that can

lead to a better world.

be socially beneficial.

be socially harmful when abused.

all of the choices are correct

all the choices are correct

What is a scientific hypothesis?

Whatever the teacher tells you is the truth.

A statement that is always correct no matter what

An untestable statement.

An experiment.

Your best falsifiable “educated guess” of what the answer to your question will be.

Your best falsifiable “educated guess” of what the answer to your question will be

A truly educated person is knowledgeable about

science.

all of the choices are correct

the arts.

religion.

all of the choices are correct

Science and technology are

actually one and the same.

fundamentally different from each other.

responsible for all the bad in the world.

responsible for all the good in the world.

Fundamentally different from each other

Scientific theories help scientists to...

explain large bodies of data

prove hypotheses

determine truth from lies

propose new ideas about how the nature works

explain large bodies of data

To a fair approximation, Early Greeks knew the

size of the Moon.

size of Earth.

Earth-Moon distance.

all of the choices are correct

all of the choices are correct

The first step in the scientific method is...

Test the predictions

Analyze the data

Make observations

Propose a hypothesis

make observations

Which of the following is a scientific statement?

There are parts of the universe that will never be discovered by humans

None of the other choices are correct

The Candies Bon Bons contain no sugar

Matter is filled with undetectable particles

There are things we will never know about

The Candies Bon Bons contain no sugar

A sheet of paper can be quickly jerked beneath a container of milk without toppling, which best demonstrates

the difference between force and mass.

net force.

inertia.

inertia

Inertia is defined as a

speed

change in motion

weight

property of an object to resist change in motion.

force

property of an object to resist change in motion.

The magnitude of support force on a 11-N book at rest on a table is...

slightly less than 11 N

slightly greater than 11 N

11 N

dependent on the position of the book.

11N

The first scientist to introduce the concept of inertia was

Newton.

Galileo.

Copernicus.

Aristotle.

Galileo

A hockey puck sliding across the ice finally comes to rest because

of law of inertia

it seeks its proper and natural state.

that's just the way it is.

of friction.

of friction

A force is a vector quantity because it has both

speed and direction.

magnitude and direction.

action and reaction counterparts.

mass and velocity.

magnitude and direction

The first scientist to be credited for postulating that Earth circled the Sun was

Copernicus.

Newton.

Galileo.

Aristotle.

Copernicus

The net force acting on an insect falling downward at constant velocity is

zero.

the weight of the insect.

None of the other choices are correct

upward air resistance.

zero

Which of the following is a vector quantity?

area

mass

None of the provided answers are correct

volume

None of the provided answers are correct

If gravity between the Sun and Earth suddenly vanished, Earth would continue moving in

a straight-line path.

an outward spiral path.

an inward spiral path.

a curved path.

a straight-line path

The resultant of a 40-N force at right angles to a 30-N force is

40 N.

30 N.

greater than 50 N.

50 N.

50 N

It is given that an object is in mechanical equilibrium. Which of the following statement/s can provide the possible description of the motion of the object?

The object is moving with constant velocity.

The object is at rest.

All of the choices are correct

The object is having no changes in velocity.

All of the choices are correct

A hockey puck sliding at constant velocity across the ice is

in equilibrium.

is nowhere near being in equilibrium.

nearly in equilibrium.

None of the other choices are correct

in equilibrium

Jogging Jake runs at 4 m/s along a train flatcar that moves at 10 m/s in the same direction. Jake's speed relative to the ground is

10 m/s.

14 m/s.

6 m/s.

none of the above

14 m/s

Ten seconds after starting from rest, a car is moving at 40 m/s. What is the car's acceleration?

2.8 m/s2

10 m/s2

4.0 m/s2

40 m/s2

0.25 m/s2

4.0 m/s2

The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are..

velocity and time.

velocity and distance.

acceleration and time.

distance and time.

distance and acceleration.

distance and time

An observer at rest on the ground sees a mosquito flying at 3 m/s. The mosquito now encounters a breeze blowing at 3 m/s in the opposite direction. From the observer's perspective, the resultant speed of the mosquito now is...

0 m/s.

3 m/s.

6 m/s.

4 m/s.

0 m/s

The speedometer of an automobile reads

accelerated speed.

instantaneous speed.

average speed.

instantaneous speed

Katelyn runs along the aisle of a train that moves at 8 m/s. Her speed relative to the floor is 3 m/s. Her speed relative to an observer at rest on the ground is

either 5 m/s or 11 m/s depending on her running direction

11 m/s.

None of the other alternatives are correct

5 m/s.

either 5 m/s or 11 m/s depending on her running direction

You're at rest in a hammock when a hungry mosquito sees an opportunity for lunch. A mild 2-m/s breeze is blowing. If the mosquito joins you for lunch it should hover over you by flying

none of the above

with the breeze at 2 m/s.

a bit faster than wind speed.

against the breeze at 2 m/s.

against the breeze at 2 m/s

A ball is thrown upwards (neglecting air resistance) and returns to the same location. Compared with its initial speed its speed when it returns is about..

half as much.

twice as much.

four times as much.

the same.

the same

Jogging Jake runs at 4 m/s along a train flatcar that moves at 10 m/s in the opposite direction. Jake's speed relative to the ground is

6 m/s.

14 m/s.

10 m/s.

none of the above

6 m/s

At one instant an object in free fall is moving upward at 50 m/s. One second later its speed is...

(Given : Acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 10 m/s2)

40 m/s.

60 m/s.

50 m/s

55 m/s.

100 m/s.

25 m/s.

40 m/s

A motorboat that normally travels at 8 km/h in still water heads directly across a 6-km/h flowing river. The resulting speed of the boat is about

6 km/h.

20 km/h.

10 km/h.

8 km/h.

10 km/h

An object at rest near the surface of a distant planet starts to fall freely. If the acceleration there is twice that of the Earth, its speed 2 seconds later would be...

(Given : Acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 10 m/s2)

20 m/s

40 m/s.

10 m/s.

30 m/s.

40 m/s

When no forces act on moving objects their paths are normally

any shape - it depends on the mass of the object

straight lines.

ellipses.

circles.

straight lines

A hockey puck sliding across the ice finally comes to rest because

of friction.

of law of inertia

it seeks its proper and natural state.

that's just the way it is.

of friction

It is given that an object is in mechanical equilibrium. Which of the following statement/s can provide the possible description of the motion of the object?

The object is having no changes in velocity.

The object is at rest.

The object is moving with constant velocity.

All of the choices are correct

all the choices are correct

A parallelogram is a four-sided figure with opposite sides that are

none of the above

equal.

parallel.

at right angles.

parallel

While you are standing in the aisle of a bus, the driver suddenly makes a left turn. You lurch to the right due to

your tendency to keep moving forward.

an unbalanced force.

an equilibrium challenge.

your tendency to keep moving forward.

While an iron block near the Earth's surface is in free fall, it undergoes an increase in...

neither speed nor acceleration

acceleration.

both, the speed as well as acceleration

speed.

speed

Which of the following is not a vector quantity?

all are vector quantities

acceleration

Insufficient information

velocity

speed

speed

A push on a 1-kg brick accelerates it. Neglecting friction, equally accelerating a 10-kg brick requires

just as much force.

none of the above

one-tenth the amount of force.

100 times as much force.

10 times as much force.

10 times as much force.

If less horizontal force is applied to a sliding object than is needed to maintain a constant velocity, the object

accelerates in the direction of the applied force.

experiences decreased friction.

None of the other choices are correct

eventually slides to a stop.

eventually slides to a stop.

If an apple experiences a constant net force, it will have a constant..

velocity.

more than one choices are correct

position.

acceleration.

speed.

acceleration

A car by itself is capable of a certain maximum acceleration. When it tows a car of the same mass, its new maximum acceleration is..

None of the other choices are correct

one fourth the original accelration

the same as the original acceleration

Insufficient information

one third the original acceleration

one half the original acceleration

one half the original acceleration

A block is dragged without acceleration in a straight-line path across a level surface by a force of 6 N. What is the force of friction between the block and the surface?

6 N

more than 6 N

need more information

less than 6 N

6N

Compared to a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much..

mass only

None of the other choices are correct

inertia only

mass, volume as well as inertia

volume only

mass, volume as well as inertia

Your weight as measured on your bathroom scale is nothing but ...

all of the choices are correct

the force due to gravity on you.

a property of mechanical equilibrium.

equal to your mass.

The force due to gravity on you.

A car has a mass of 1000 kg and accelerates at 2 m/s2. What net force is exerted on the car?

None of the other choices are correct

2000 N

1500 kg m/s^2

500 N

1000 N

2000N

An object's weight is properly expressed in units of

meters.

kilograms.

newtons.

cubic centimeters.

newtons

If the net force on a cart is tripled, the cart's acceleration

is three times as much.

is two thirds.

is one third.

is more than three times as much.

three times as much

Recall Galileo's Leaning Tower experiment. With negligible air resistance, a heavy and a light object fall

all of the given choices are correct

with the same increases in speed.

to the ground in equal times.

with equal accelerations.

all of the given choices are correct

When a tennis racquet hits a ball,

the ball is set in motion with the same speed of the racquet upon contact.

the ball hits the racquet.

the racquet loses as much speed as the ball gains.

all of the given choices are correct

the ball hits the racquet.

A 10-unit vector at 60° from the vertical has a vertical component with a magnitude

10 units.

less than 10 units.

greater than 10 units.

less than 10 units.

Nellie's weight and normal force usually have the same magnitude when she stands on a...

horizontal surface.

inclined surface.

either a horizontal or inclined surface.

horizontal surface.

As a ball falls, the action force is the Earth's pull on the ball. The reaction force is the...

none of the above

ball's pull on Earth.

air resistance acting against the ball.

acceleration of the ball.

ball's pull on Earth

Joshua is attracted toward Earth by a 500-N gravitational force. The Earth is attracted toward Joshua with a force of

1000 N.

250 N.

zero.

500 N.

500 N

The force with which Earth pulls on the Moon is

equal in magnitude to the force that Moon pulls on Earth.

somewhat greater than Moon's pull on Earth.

the only force acting between Earth and Moon.

equal in magnitude to the force that Moon pulls on Earth

The force that propels a cannonball when fired from a cannon is

equal and opposite to the force the ball exerts on the cannon.

in some cases, equal and opposite to the force the ball exerts on the cannon.

huge compared to the recoil force on the cannon.

equal and opposite to the force the ball exerts on the cannon

Nellie tosses a ball upward at an angle. Neglecting air resistance, the vertical component of the velocity...

increases with time as it reached at the top

decreases with time as it reaches at the top

remains constant.

decreases with time as it reaches at the top

A pair of action-reaction forces always..

act on the same object.

comprise of more than two interactions.

None of the other choices are correct

occur simultaneously.

occur simultaneously

An archer shoots an arrow. Consider the action force to be the bowstring against the arrow. The reaction to this force is the

arrow's push against the bowstring.

grip of the archer's hand on the bow.

friction of the ground against the archer's feet.

combined weight of the arrow and bowstring.

arrow's push against the bowstring

A player hits a ball with a bat. If action is the force of the bat against the ball, reaction is the...

weight of the bat.

air resistance on the ball.

grip of the player's hand against the ball.

force that the ball exerts on the bat.

weight of the ball.

force that the ball exerts on the bat.

When a falling object has reached its terminal velocity, its acceleration is..

non-zero constant.

zero.

g.

zero

A rock is thrown vertically up. Neglecting air-resistance, at the top of its path, its acceleration is..

(Given : Acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 10 m/s2)

between 0 and 10 m/s2.

zero.

10 m/s2.

greater than 10 m/s2.

10 m/s2

A kilogram is a measure of an object's

mass.

force.

both of these

neither of these

mass

A rock weighs 30 N on Earth and another rock weighs 30 N on the Moon. Which rock has the greater mass?

the one on the Moon

They have the same mass.

the one on Earth

not enough information

the one on the moon

If more horizontal force is applied to a sliding object than is needed to maintain a constant velocity, the object

accelerates in the direction of the applied force.

experiences greater friction.

accelerates opposite the direction of the applied force.

None of the other choices are correct

accelerates in the direction of the applied force

The mass of a lamb that weights 110 N is about..

(Given : Acceleration due to gravity on Earth is 10 m/s2)

1100 kg.

110 kg.

11 kg.

1 kg.

None of the other choices are correct

11kg

A heavy rock and a light rock of the same size are falling through the air from a very tall building. The one that encounters the greatest air resistance is the..

same for both

heavy rock.

light rock.

Insufficient information

heavy rock

For every action force, there must be a reaction force that

is equal in magnitude.

is slightly larger in magnitude than the action force.

is slightly smaller in magnitude than the action force.

acts in the same direction.

is equal in magnitude

The lift experienced by a helicopter involves an action-reaction pair of forces between the

motion of the helicopter relative to the ground below.

mass of the helicopter and Earth's mass.

helicopter blades and the air.

weight of the helicopter and atmospheric pressure.

any or all of the above

helicopter blades and the air.

To produce an acceleration to a system there..

must be a net force on the system.

must be acceleration outside the system also.

may or may not be a net force on the system.

must be a net force on the system.