Human Orientation Practice Quiz 1

Describe completely the standard human anatomical position

Body is erect with feet slightly apart, palms facing forwards, and thumbs facing far away from the body.

Define plane

How the body is cut or sectioned

Sagittal plane

Vertical division of the body into left and right

Median (midsagittal) plane

Divides body into left and right halves directly through the midline

Parasagittal plane

A sagittal (left/right) plane that is offset from the midline

Frontal (coronal) plane

Vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Transverse (horizontal) plane

Runs horizontally from left to right

Oblique sections

Cuts made diagonally

Superior (cranial)

Toward the head; above

Inferior (caudal)

Away from the head; below

Anterior (ventral)

Toward the front of the body; in front of

Posterior (dorsal)

Toward the back of the body; behind

Medial

Toward the midline; on the inner side of

Lateral

Away from the midline; on the outer side of

Intermediate

Between a more medial and lateral structure

Proximal

Closer to the point of attachment to the body

Distal

Farther from the point of attachment to the body

Superficial (external)

Toward the body surface

Deep (internal)

Away from the body surface; more internal

Name the muscle that subdivides the ventral body cavity

Diaphragm

Which body cavity provides the least protection to its internal structures?

Abdominal cavity

Name one organ located in the cranial cavity

Brain

Name one organ located in the vertebral cavity

Spinal cord

Name one organ located in the thoracic cavity

Lungs, esophagus, trachea, heart

Name one organ located in the abdominal cavity

Stomach, intestines, liver, spleen

Name one organ located in the pelvic cavity

Urinary bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

What organs are in the mediastinum?

Heart, esophagus, trachea

What organs are in the right upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Liver (right lobe), stomach (pylorus), gall bladder, small intestine (duodenum), pancreas (head portion), right kidney, right suprarenal gland, part of ascending colon (large intestine), part of transverse colon (large intestine)

What organs are in the left upper quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Liver (left lobe), spleen, stomach, small intestine (jejunum and proximal ileum), pancreas (body and tail), left kidney, left suprarenal gland, part of transverse colon (large intestine), part of descending colon (large intestine)

What organs are in the right lower quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Cecum (large intestine), appendix, small intestine (most of ileum), part of ascending colon (large intestine), right ovary (female), right uterine tube (female), part of right ureter, part of right spermatic cord (male), uterus if enlarged (female), urinary bladder if very full

What organs are in the left lower quadrant of the abdominopelvic cavity?

Part of descending colon (large intestine), sigmoid colon (large intestine), small intestine, left ovary (female), left uterine tube (female), part of left ureter, part of left spermatic cord (male), uterus if enlarged (female), urinary bladder if very full

Explain how serous membranes protect organs from infection

Serous membranes produce serous fluid, which reduces friction and helps prevent the spread of infection between organs.

Which serous membrane(s) is/are found in the thoracic cavity?

Pleura and pericardium

Which serous membrane(s) is/are found in the abdominopelvic cavity?

Peritoneum

Middle ear cavity

Houses three tiny bones involved in hearing

Nasal cavity

Contained within the nose

Oral cavity

Contains the tongue

Orbital cavity

Holds the eyes in an anterior-facing position

Synovial cavity

Surrounds a joint

Name the body region that blood is usually drawn from

Antecubital region

Anatomical terminology to describe the location of a patient’s pain who has appendicitis

Right lower quadrant of the abdomen.

Which body cavity would be opened to perform a hysterectomy?

Pelvic cavity

Which smaller body cavity would be opened to perform a total knee joint replacement?

Synovial cavity

An abdominal hernia results when weakened muscles allow protrusion of abdominal structures. In the case of an umbilical hernia, parts of a serous membrane and the small intestine form the bulge. Which serous membrane is involved?

Peritoneum

Parietal

Pertaining to or forming the outer wall of a body cavity

Visceral

Pertaining to or forming the outer covering of an organ within a body cavity

Ipsilateral

On the same side

Contralateral

On the opposite side

Prone

The body when lying face down

Supine

The body when lying facing upward