7-Genetic Mutations

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Genetic Mutation

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A change in an organism resulting from a chemical change in the structure of a gene.

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Mutagen

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Any factor that can cause a mutation, such as dioxins, benzene, UV light, or cigarette smoke.

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20 Terms

1

Genetic Mutation

A change in an organism resulting from a chemical change in the structure of a gene.

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2

Mutagen

Any factor that can cause a mutation, such as dioxins, benzene, UV light, or cigarette smoke.

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3

Gene Mutation

A type of mutation that affects only one gene.

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4

Chromosomal Mutation

A mutation that affects many genes by impacting entire chromosomes or parts of chromosomes.

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5

Point Mutation

A mutation that involves a single base change in the DNA sequence.

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6

Frameshift Mutation

A mutation caused by the insertion or deletion of nucleotides not evenly divisible by three, disrupting the reading frame during protein synthesis.

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7

Nonsense Mutation

A point mutation that causes a premature stop codon in the mRNA, resulting in early termination of the polypeptide chain.

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8

Missense Mutation

A single nucleotide mutation that causes a change in an amino acid in the polypeptide chain.

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9

Silent Mutation

A mutation that does not result in a change of the amino acid sequence of the protein.

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10

Harmful Mutation

A mutation that frequently leads to harmful effects or diseases, such as Huntington’s disease or cystic fibrosis.

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11

Beneficial Mutation

A rare mutation that may improve the protein function, potentially driving the evolution of species.

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12

Sickle Cell Anemia

A genetic disorder caused by a single amino acid change in hemoglobin, leading to sickle-shaped red blood cells.

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13

Chromosomal Deletion

A chromosomal mutation where a section of bases is deleted from the chromosome.

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14

Chromosomal Duplication

A chromosomal mutation involving the duplication of a section of bases on the same chromosome.

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15

Chromosomal Inversion

A chromosomal mutation where a sequence of bases has its order reversed.

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16

Translocation

A chromosomal mutation where a sequence of bases is deleted from one chromosome and inserted into a different chromosome.

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17

Nondisjunction

The failure of chromosomes to separate properly during meiosis, leading to genetic disorders.

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18

Environmental Mutagen

Any agent within an environment that increases the chances of mutations in DNA, such as radiation or chemicals.

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19

Ionizing Radiation

A type of radiation, such as X-rays or gamma rays, that can cause mutations.

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20

Down Syndrome

A genetic disorder caused by nondisjunction of chromosome 21, leading to an extra chromosome.

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