States of Matter, Diffusion, and Solutions

Flashcards covering states of matter, diffusion, dilution, solutions, and solubility based on Edexcel IGCSE Chemistry notes.

What are States of Matter?

The three states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases, dependent on temperature and pressure.

What is a Solid?

Regular arrangement, vibrate about a fixed position, very close particles.

What is a Liquid?

Randomly arranged, move around each other, close particles.

What is a Gas?

Randomly arranged, move quickly in all directions, far apart particles.

What is Melting Point?

Solid to liquid or liquid to solid.

What is Boiling Point?

Liquid to gas or gas to liquid.

What's Changing States Energy?

The energy needed to change state from solid to liquid and from liquid to gas depends on the strength of the forces between the particles.

Explain the process of Melting

Heat / thermal energy absorbed by the particles is transformed into kinetic energy, causing the particles to vibrate more and start to move / flow.

Explain the process of Boiling

Heat / thermal energy causes bubbles of gas to form inside the liquid, allowing liquid particles to escape from the surface and within the liquid.

Explain the process of Freezing

A liquid changes into a solid. This is the reverse of melting and occurs at the same temperature as melting .

Explain the process of Evaporation

Occurs over a range of temperatures, even below the boiling point, only at the surface of liquids where high energy particles can escape.

Explain the process of Condensation

Occurs when a gas changes into a liquid on cooling and takes place over a range of temperatures.

Explain the process of Sublimation

When a solid changes directly into a gas.

Explain the process of Desublimation/Deposition

The reverse reaction of sublimation where gas turns into a solid.

What is Kinetic Theory of Matter?

All matter is made up of tiny, moving particles.

What is a Solvent?

The liquid in which a solute dissolves.

What is a Solute?

The substance which dissolves in a liquid to form a solution.

What is a Solution?

The mixture formed when a solute is dissolved in a solvent.

What is Saturated Solution?

A solution with the maximum concentration of solute dissolved in the solvent.

What does Soluble mean?

Describes a substance that will dissolve.

What does Insoluble mean?

Describes a substance that will not dissolve.

What is called Solubility?

Measurement of how much of a substance will dissolve in a given volume of a liquid.