Studied by 6 people
Globalization
growth to a global or worldwide scale
World City
Centers of economic, culture, and political activity that are strongly interconnected and together control the global systems of finance and commerce.
hierarchy
The ranking of cities from smallest to largest
rank-size rule
the rank of a city's population within a country will be approximately the largest city's population divided by the rank of the city in question.
primate city
the largest settlement in a country with more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement
Gravity model
A mathematical formula that describes the level of interaction between two places, based on the size of their populations and their distance from each other. (population of city x) * (population of city y) divided by the distance between them ^2=the level of interaction
Christaller's Central Place Theory
A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.
Burgess Concentric Zone Model
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.
Hoyt Sector Model
the theory of urban structure that a city develops in a series of certain sectors that are based off an individual's income
Harris-Ullman Multiple Nuclei Model
A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of multiple nodes
Galactic City Model
represents the post-industrial city with its several, dispersed business districts. This model represents a distinct decentralization of the commercial urban landscape as the economy has transitioned to services as the leading form of production. Manufacturing has declined significantly and become specialized.
Bid rent theory
geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards an urban center decreases
low-density housing
land use pattern meant for a small number of residential homes that include a lot of open space and contain the fewest people per geographic unit
medium-density housing
land use pattern in which residential units include multi-unit housing, such as townhomes as well as single-unit housing
high-density housing
land use pattern in which land is occupied by residential units that include multi-unit housing such as high-rise buildings and contain the highest people per geographic unit
Infilling
The process by which population density in an urban centre is increased by building on waste land or underused land.
infrastructure
Fundamental facilities and systems serving an area to keep it's economy going
Sustainable Design Initiatives
Communities that use smart growth and green building techniques to create neighborhoods that are economically thriving and environmentally responsible
Urbanization
Movement of people from rural areas to cities
Suburbanization
The process of population movement from within towns and cities to the surrounding outskirts
Site
exact location of a city
Situation
the location of a place relative to other places
Megacities
cities with more than 10 million people
Metacities
cities with populations over 20 million
periphery countries
the least developed and least powerful nations; often exploited by the core countries as sources of raw materials, cheap labor, and markets
semi-periphery countries
nations ranking in between core and periphery countries, with some attributes of the core countries but with less of a central role in the global economy
urban sprawl
The process of urban areas expanding outwards, usually in the form of suburbs, and developing over fertile agricultural land.
Decentralization
the tendency of people or businesses and industry to locate outside the central city
edge cities
A large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area.
Exurbs
communities that arise farther out than the suburbs and are typically populated by residents of high socioeconomic status
Boomburbs
rapidly growing city that remains essentially suburban in character even as it reaches populations more typical of a large city
Built Landscape
an area of land represented by its features and patterns of human occupation and use of natural resources
de facto segregation
Segregation resulting from economic or social conditions or personal choice, not laws or policy
housing discrimination
The illegal practice of denying an individual or group the right to buy or rent a home based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability or family status.
Redlining
a practice in which banks refuse to make loans to people living in certain geographic locations usually based off race
Blockbusting
A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood
affordability
Financial capacity of people to rent/buy adequate housing
Disamenity Zones
The very poorest parts of cities that in extreme cases are not connected to regular city services and are controlled by gangs and drug lords.
Zones of Abandonment
areas that have been deserted in a city for economic or environmental reasons
Squater settlement
An area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures.
land tenure
system regulating the rights to ownership and control and usage of land
urban renewal
rebuilding of the poor areas of a city
Gentrification
A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.
Urban sustainability
the idea that a city can meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same
sanitation
maintaining a clean condition in order to promote hygiene and prevent disease for public safety
Brownfeilds
abandoned formerly developed lands that may be contaminated with toxic and other materials
urban growth boundaries
placed restrictions on development outside a designated area
Zoning
regulations that specify which land areas may be used for homes and which areas may be used for different types of businesses
mixed land use
More than one type of zoning, such as a building complex that has residential and commercial units.
Walkability
the overall level of comfort, access, enjoyment, and connectivity of an area that facilitates walking
transportation oriented development
is a mixed-use residential and commercial area designed to maximize access to public transport
smart growth policies
urban planning that avoids urban sprawl and focuses on long term implications with sustainable design initiatives and guides development into more convenient patterns and into areas where infrastructure allows growth to be sustained over the long term
new urbanism
A movement in urban planning to promote mixed use commercial and residential development and pedestrian friendly, community orientated cities.
greenbelts
A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.
Slow-growth cities
urban communities where the planners have put into place smart growth initiatives to decrease the rate at which the city grows horizontally to avoid the adverse affects of sprawl
sprawl
unrestricted growth in many urban areas of housing, commercial development, and roads over large expanses of land, with little concern for urban planning (answer does not have urban in front)
livability
All the characteristics of a community that contribute to the quality of life of the people who live there
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