Extraoral and Intraoral Examination (EOIO)

Vocabulary flashcards covering EOIO concepts, mucosa types, lesion terminology, anatomical landmarks, and examination methods from the lecture notes.

EOIO exam

Extraoral and Intraoral examination performed on every patient at every visit to identify abnormalities of the head, neck, and mouth, including signs of oral cancer.

EO

The extraoral portion of the EOIO exam; assesses facial form, skin, eyes, ears, neck, TMJ, salivary glands, and cervical lymph nodes.

IO

The intraoral portion of the EOIO exam; assesses lips, labial mucosa, buccal mucosa, tongue, floor of the mouth, hard/soft palate, oropharynx, nasopharynx, and occlusion.

ABCDT

A - Anatomic location; B - Border; C - Color; D - Diameter/Dimension; T - Type; descriptors used to characterize lesions.

Digital palpation

Palpation using a single finger to assess tissues.

Bidigital palpation

Palpation using the finger and thumb of the same hand.

Bimanual palpation

Palpation using fingers from each hand to examine a structure.

Bilateral palpation

Palpation using both hands on opposite sides of a structure.

Comprehensive examination

A complete EOIO exam covering all components for full assessment.

Screening examination

A brief initial assessment to identify potential problems before a full exam.

Limited examination

A focused exam of a specific area or problem rather than the entire EOIO.

Visual examination

Observation of tissues by sight (and radiographs/transillumination when indicated).

Palpation (general)

Assessment by touch to determine texture, consistency, and tenderness.

Instrumentation

Use of probes, explorers, and other tools to detect lesions and tooth conditions.

Percussion

Tapping on teeth to assess vitality or response.

Electrical test

Testing tooth vitality using electrical stimulation.

Auscultation

Listening for sounds such as jaw pops or clicks during examination.

Masticatory mucosa

Keratinized mucosa covering gingiva and hard palate.

Lining mucosa

Non-keratinized mucosa lining inner lips, cheeks, floor of mouth, under tongue, soft palate, and alveolar mucosa.

Specialized mucosa

Mucosa covering the dorsum (top) of the tongue; contains various papillae and taste buds.

Mucogingival junction

The junction between attached gingiva and alveolar mucosa.

Attached gingiva

Gingiva firmly bound to underlying bone, extending from the mucogingival junction to the alveolar crest.

Fordyce granules

Normal sebaceous gland nodules often seen on buccal mucosa or lips; document as a normal variation.

Linea alba

White line along the buccal mucosa at the occlusal plane; common normal variation from cheek biting.

Alveolar mucosa

Lining mucosa covering the alveolar bone; usually non-keratinized and mobile.

Filiform papilla

Most numerous tongue papillae; keratinized; do not contain taste buds.

Fungiform papilla

Tongue papillae that contain taste buds; mushroom-shaped.

Circumvallate papilla

Large papillae arranged in a V-shaped row; contain taste buds.

Foliate papilla

Leaf-like papillae on the sides of the tongue with taste buds.

Sulcus terminalis

V-shaped groove on the dorsum of the tongue marking the boundary between anterior and posterior parts.

Foramen cecum

Opening at the terminal sulcus; marks the point related to thyroid development.

Leukoplakia

White patch or plaque on mucosa that cannot be rubbed off; may be premalignant.

Erythroplakia

Red patch or plaque on mucosa with higher potential for malignancy than leukoplakia.

Macule

Flat, non-palpable, discolored spot less than 1 cm in diameter.

Patch

Flat discolored area larger than 1 cm.

Papule

Solid raised lesion less than 1 cm in diameter.

Plaque

Superficial raised lesion larger than 1 cm.

Nodule

Solid lesion, marble-like, larger than 1 cm.

Vesicle

Small blister filled with clear fluid, less than 1 cm.

Bulla

Larger blister filled with fluid, greater than 1 cm.

Pustule

Small raised lesion filled with pus.

Erosion

Loss of the top layer of skin or mucosa.

Ulcer

Crater-like lesion with loss of the top layers of skin or mucosa.

Fissure

Linear crack in mucosa or skin.

Indurated

Hard or abnormally firm lesion.

Exophytic

Lesion growing outward from the surface.

Endophytic

Lesion growing inward into underlying tissue.

Aphthous ulcer

Small shallow ulcers on non-keratinized mucosa.

Herpetic lesion

Lesions caused by herpes simplex virus, typically on keratinized mucosa.

Biopsy

Removal and microscopic examination of tissue; gold standard for cancer diagnosis; recommended if uncertain or if a lesion does not heal in 2 weeks.