AP World History Unit 8 Vocab

Anti-Apartheid Movement

a British organisation against apartheid in South Africa which is a type of racial segregation.

Cold War

a state of geopolitical tension and military competition between the United States and the Soviet Union after the end of World War II

Collectivization

Creation of large, state-run farms rather than individual holdings (part of Stalin’s economic plan)

Communism

a political and economic system in which the major productive resources in a society are owned by the public or the state, and wealth is divided among citizens equally or according to individual need.

Cultural Revolution

an upheaval launched by Chinese Communist Party Chairman Mao Zedong during his last decade in power to renew the spirit of the Chinese Revolution.

Fundamentalism

occurred within all major religions in which in which there was a self proclaimed return to the core of that religion

Glasnost

a policy that called for increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities introduced by Gorbachev.

Great Leap Forward

an attempt by China, under the direction of its leader, Mao Zedong, to make China into a modern industrial power.

Indian National Congress

A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater participation in government.

India/Pakistan Partition

division of a British colony into two independent countries based on religion.

Military Industrial Complex

network of individuals and institutions involved in the production of weapons and military technologies. attempts to marshal political support for continued or increased military spending by the national government.

Muslim League

A organization led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah to promote the interests of Muslims in the British colony of India

NATO

a military alliance originally established in 1949 to create a counterweight to Soviet armies stationed in central and eastern Europe after World War II

Non-Aligned Movement

an attempt by newly independent nations to stay out of the orbit of either the Western or the Eastern Bloc.

Nuclear Proliferation

the spread of nuclear weapons, nuclear weapons technology, or fissile material to countries that do not already possess them.

Palestinian Liberation Organization

umbrella political organization claiming to represent the world's Palestinians—those Arabs, and their descendants, who lived in mandated Palestine before the creation there of the State of Israel in 1948.

Pan-Arabism and Pan Africanism

the attempt to create a sense of brotherhood and collaboration among all people and countries of the continent/subcontinent

Perestroika

a policy initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev that involved restructuring of the social and economic status quo in communist Russia towards a market based economy and society.

Proxy Wars

conflicts in which two opposing powers avoid direct military confrontation by supporting opposing sides in a third country.

Satyagraha Movement

Gandhi's name for his non-violent resistance.

Soviet-Afghan War

a war started to bolster the newly established communist regime and suppress the Mujahideen rebellion against the government.

Warsaw Pact

made up of Eastern European countries that were under Soviet influence. The organization was formed as a military alliance to counter NATO

White Revolution in Iran

aggressive modernization program implemented in Iran in 1963 and continued until 1979.