Psych 180- Review Exam 1

What are the 2 main nervous system categories or branches?

central and peripheral

Which model of psychology still influences sensation and perception today? (common phrase associated with this model is “the whole is greater than the sum of its parts”)

Gestalt

What refers to the way sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced

perception

True or false: cortex is the inside of the brain

false

True or false: sulci are the grooves or fissures of the brain

true

This section of the brain is shaped like a thin strip that runs through 2 other parts of the brain. This area is responsible for attention and alertness

reticular formation

True or false: gyri are the folds of the brain

true

In order to assess whether viewpoints on religion changes with age, four groups of participants, ages 10, 20, 30, and 40 are asked about their religious views. What is the approach of this research design?

cross-sectional

Which of the following best describes the survey approach to research?

Gathers data from a large number of people and can be conducted by phone, email, or mail

What is notable about Margaret Floy Washburn?

she was the first woman to earn a PhD in psychology

Who said the purpose of psychology was to study the function of behavior in the world?

William James

For the hypothesis: If a teacher in Kentucky drinks alcohol then they are more likely to be dissatisfied with their job n- which is the independent variable?

alcohol consumption

Which psychological perspective came first?

structuralism

What is the first part of the ear sound enters through

ear canal

Area of the brain closest to the spinal cord - controls blood pressure, breathing, and heart rate

medulla

What process helps psychological knowledge get advanced?

scientific method

What is the order in which psychological perspectives came?

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

what does IRB stand for?

Institutional Review Board

True or false: Correlation equals causation

false

What is the last part of the ear involved in sensing sound?

cochlea

what is the order in which the ear senses sound?

ear canal, tympanic membrane (eardrum), ossicles, cochlea

A synapse is _______

the space between 2 neurons

The part that receives the neuron that receives the message

dendrite

the part of the neuron that makes neurotransmitters

axon terminals

Your mom frequently says your name from the other room to get your attention and then gets frustrated when you do not always respond. You only hear her about 50% of the time. What psychology principle describes how loud she seems to be saying your name?

absolute threshold

acts as a bridge and helps transfer messages from the brain to the spinal cord

pons

A group of college students enroll in a study that plans to follow them from freshman year to graduation to see if binge drinking predicts delayed graduation. What type of study design is this?

longitudinal

A psychologist is interested in the social behavior of college students during lunch. She has decided the best way to gather information is to sit in the Curtis center and record how many times students allow someone to ‘cut’ them in the Starbucks line

Observation

Which of the following is NOT associated with structuralism:

a) introspection

b) focus on the function of mental states and behaviors

c) understanding mental processing as something that can be broken into parts

d) experimental psychology

b

what is the concept related to the left hemisphere controlling the right side of the body and the right hemisphere controlling the left side of the body?

lateralization

who proposed the hierarchy of human needs?

Maslow

what refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor?

sensation

what shape is the scientific process, involving both inductive and deductive reasoning?

circular

which nerve carries visual information the fovea/retina to the brain?

optic

who is structuralism associated with?

Wundt

the process in which sensory systems sense stimuli and then translate that information so that it is processed by the brain

transduction

when one variable decreases as the other increases it is called __________

negative correlation

where does visual processing happen?

occipital lobe

what was the outcome of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?

Passage of the National Research Act

what does the sympathetic nervous system do?

fight, flight, freeze, fawn response

what is one of the core components of structuralism, which means to examine one’s own conscious experience as carefully as possible?

introspection

what is the correct order that visual information travels through parts of the eye?

pupil, lens, fovea, optic nerve

stubbing your toe for the first time, sensed by pain receptors that send information to the brain to process is an example of what?

bottom-up processing

which lobe of the brain helps with executive functions like planning, organization, judgement, etc. (it also does not finish developing until age 25)

frontal lobe

which approach allows researchers to collect a large amount of self-report data from a large amount of people effectively?

survey

what are the key components of Sigmund Freud’s psychological perspective (psychoanalysis)?

unconscious mind, dream analysis, and early childhood experiences

what order does energy pass through a neuron?

dendrites, nucleus, axon, axon terminals

when both the research and the participants do not know who is in the control group and who is in the experimental group it is called a ______ study

double-blind

You ask someone to turn down the thermostat. They say they have lowered it but you don’t feel a difference. Finally, once they lower it 4 degrees you can tell that the temperature has changed. What is this concept called?

just noticeable difference

damage to this area would likely impact someone’s balance and coordination - decreasing their ability to move in a smooth or precise way

cerebellum

a researcher wants to understand the mental health of people who survive mass-murderers. The research decides to meet with and gather information from Dylan Mortensen and Bethany Funk who survived the Idaho murders committed by Bryan Kohberger

case study

which part of the brain connects the right and left hemispheres?

corpus callosum

who was the first African American psychologist? also known as the “father of black psychology”

Francis Sumner