World Civ: Hammurabi to the Inca

Explain the philosophy of Confucius and how it applies to the running of an empire.

Confucius philosophy was based on Filial Piety, which is proper love, honor, and repect for our elders. It applies to the running of an empire through one of his 5 relationships, ruler and subject, by maintaining peace in an empire. 

What 5 relationships did Confucius emphasize?

1. Ruler & Subject

2. Father & Son

3. Husband & Wife

4. Older & Younger Brother

5. Friend & Friend

How did different civilizations approach the creation of legal systems?

Different civilizations approached the creation of legal systems using natural and societal laws.  Natural laws have been around for a long time and exists everywhere in all countries with laws like thou shalt not kill. Societal laws meet the needs of a specific culture, such as the age to drink and the age to drive. 

Define the term: Empire. Give an example

The term “Empire” is regions and people brought under a single authority, often by force and an example of an Empire is the Babylon Empire.

What do law codes reveal to us about the civilizations that produced them?

Law codes reveal to us what each civilization finds important to them, and they base their laws on their values and beliefs. They show how each civilization has different rules and explain their way of living.

How do early law codes differ? How are they similar?

Early law codes are similar because they all have natural laws, which have existed for a long time and in all countries like thou shalt not kill. Early law codes differ from each civilization because they all have societal laws that meet the needs of certain civilizations, like having a certain age to drive.

What is feudalism?

An economic and political system based on the exchange of land for loyalty and protection, it included strict enforcement and harsh laws and was preferred by those already in power. 

Define the term: Mandate of Heaven.

The Mandate of Heaven is the right to rule is given by gods. This means that they have the right to rule and it was giving by gods. 

Describe the “Dynastic Cycle”.

The “Dynastic Cycle” is the cyclical rise and fall of dynasties based on the approval of the gods.

What is a Primary Source? How is that different from a secondary source?

A primary source is an eyewitness account, which is a document created at the time of an event. It is different from a secondary source because primary sources are the raw information, while secondary sources are created by someone who was not at the event and did not experience it firsthand. 

How did the Inca method for maintaining peace and stability DIFFER from our previous civilizations?

The Inca’s method for maintaining peace and stability was instead of killing you if you break the law, they would pick you up and relocate you and take all your power away. They would do this because they still wanted people to be paying taxes and if you are dead, then you can’t be paying taxes. In different civilizations, if you broke a law, they would kill you.

Explain: H- A- P- P- Y-

H - historical context - what is happening at the time?

A - audience - who is the document intended to be read by

P - purpose - why is the document created

P - point of view - who created the document

Y - why is it significant

What modern ideas do you see in the ancient law code of Hammurabi?

Some modern ideas that Hammurabi law code had were establishing a set of laws for all people and having punishments for the laws if they are broken. Hammurabi’s laws code has many of the same laws that we have now, including thou shalt not kill, the idea of stealing, or cheating. In Hammurabi’s code, it reflects modern ideas like the responsibility of the people to maintain peace and stability. 

Conquistador

a Spanish conquer

Bureaucracy

the structure of government

Francisco Pizarro

Spanish conquistador who defeated the Inca

Inti

sun god

Daoism

emphasized aligning oneself with the way of nature

Patriarchal

everything is related to the father in charge: everything comes from the father

Stele

rock pillars that Hammurabi would write all of his codes on

Feudalism

an economic and political system based on the exchange of land for loyal and protection

Dynastic monarchy

family of rulers

Filial Piety

the virtue of exhibiting the proper love and respect for our parents, elders, and ancestors

Legalism

emphasizes the importance of power and the untrust worthiness of people

Empire

regions and people brought under a single authority, often by force

Yin Yang

illustrates the idea of Daoism by showing opposite things in one picture/symbol

Mita

labor tax for construction created a food surplus

Quechua

education for teaching the Inca ways to elites