Quiz 2 Gary

Accessory Muscle Use

Condition in which accessory muscles are used to assist with inspiration, a sign of respiratory distress.

Apnea

Absence of respiration.

Asphyxia

Extreme decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body, leading to loss of consciousness and potentially death.

Asthma

Chronic condition with acute episodes of inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing and wheezing.

Atelectasis

Partial or full collapse of lung tissue, seen on a chest X-ray (CXR).

Bradypnea

Abnormally slow respiratory rate.

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the air passages between the nose and the lungs, which may be acute or chronic.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Common chronic lung disease marked by difficulty breathing, usually a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Dyspnea

Difficulty breathing, grossly interchangeable with shortness of breath.

Dyspnea on Exertion (DOE)

Shortness of breath worsened with mild exertion.

Emphysema

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls.

Hemoptysis

Coughing up blood.

Hemothorax

Blood in the pleural cavity.

Hypoxia

Reduced oxygen supply to tissue.

Pneumonia

Infection of the lung.

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

Obstruction of a blood vessel to the lungs, usually due to a blood clot.

Pneumothorax

Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity causing collapse of a lung.

Rales

Crackling noises heard on auscultation of the lungs during inhalation.

Respiratory Distress

The inability to adequately ventilate causing physically labored ventilation.

Retractions

Inward movement of the chest wall with inspiration; usually a sign of respiratory distress.

Rhonchi

Loud, continuous, low-pitched lung sound, sometimes called sonorous respirations.

Sputum

Mucus coughed up from the airways.

Stridor

A continuous, whistling or squeak sound heard on auscultation, usually a sign of an obstructed airway.

Tuberculosis

An infectious disease caused by bacteria.

Tachypnea

Increased respiratory rate.

Wheezes

Continuous, high-pitched hissing or whistling lung sound caused by narrowed airways.

Endotracheal Intubation

A tube is placed through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish an airway.

Tracheostomy

Creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck and the insertion of a tube to create an airway.

Anisocoria

Unequal pupil sizes.

Cerumen

Earwax.

Conjunctivitis

Inflammation of the conjunctiva.

Diplopia

Double vision.

Dentition

The arrangement or condition of teeth.

Dental Caries

Tooth decay (Cavity).

Epistaxis

Nosebleed.

Extra Ocular Movements (EOM)

Movements of the eyes controlled by six muscles.

Fontanel

Soft spot on an infant's skull.

Hemotympanum

Presence of blood in the tympanic cavity of the ear, usually a sign of skull fracture as a result of trauma.

Icterus

Jaundice (yellowing) seen in the sclera (white part) of the eye.

Injected Conjunctiva

Redness of the sclera, sign of conjunctivitis.

Malocclusion

Misalignment of the teeth.

Nares

External openings of the nasal canal (nostrils).

Nasal Septal Hematoma

Accumulation of blood within the nasal septum, usually a result of trauma.

Nystagmus

Rapid involuntary eye movements (can be horizontal, vertical, or rotary).

Occiput

Referring to the occipital area of the skull (lower back region of the head).

Pharyngeal Erythema

Redness of the throat.

Pharyngitis

Inflammation of the pharynx.

Pale Conjunctivae

Paleness of the conjunctiva, often seen in anemic patients.

Papilledema

Swelling of the optic disc, sign of increased intracranial pressure.

Photophobia

Sensitivity and aversion to light due to discomfort or pain in the eyes with light exposure.

Rhinorrhea

Runny nose.

Strabismus

Improper alignment of the eyes.

Sty (stye)

Pus-filled (purulent) infection of glands near the eyelid.

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage

Bleeding that occurs underneath the conjunctiva, seen as a bright red patch on the sclera.

Tinnitus

Abnormal (ringing, buzzing, roaring) sound in the ears.

Tonsillar Exudates

Grayish-white coating on the tonsillar surface.

Trismus

Inability to open the mouth fully.

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

Nonspecific infection in the upper respiratory tract.

Zygoma

Delicate facial bone, often a site of injury in assaults.

CA

Cancer.

Ca

Calcium.

CABG

Coronary artery bypass graft.

CBC

Complete blood count.

CN

Cranial nerves.

C/o

Complaining of.

CAD

Coronary artery disease.

CC

Chief complaint.

CHF

Congestive heart failure.

CKD

Chronic Kidney Disease.

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

CPAP

Continuous positive airway pressure.

CPR

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

CSF

Cerebrospinal fluid.

CP

Chest pain.

C-spine

Cervical spine.

CTA(B)

Clear to auscultation bilaterally.

Cx

Cervix.

CT

Computed tomography.

CVA

Cerebral vascular accident (stroke); Costovertebral angle (flank- typically consistent with a kidney stone).

CVP

Central venous pressure.

CXR

Chest X-ray.

D&C

Dilation & curettage.

DIB

Difficulty in breathing.

DKA

Diabetic ketoacidosis.

DTR

Deep tendon reflex.

DVT

Deep vein thrombosis.

DM

Diabetes mellitus.

DNR

Do not resuscitate.

DT's

Delirium tremens.

D/t

Due to.

Dx

Diagnosis.

ECG (or EKG)

Electrocardiogram.

ECF

Extended care facility.

ENT

Ear, nose, throat.

EOMI

Extra ocular movements intact.

ETT

Endotracheal tube.

EtOH

Alcohol.

ER

Emergency room.

ESRD

End stage renal disease.