Quiz 2 Gary

Accessory Muscle Use: Condition in which accessory muscles are used to assist with inspiration, a sign of respiratory distress.

Apnea: Absence of respiration.

Asphyxia: Extreme decrease in the amount of oxygen in the body (Leading to loss of consciousness and potentially death). 

Asthma: Chronic condition with acute episodes of inflammation and narrowing of the airways leading to difficulty breathing and wheezing.

Atelectasis: Partial or full collapse of lung tissue, seen on a CXR.

Bradypnea: Abnormally slow respiratory rate. 

Bronchitis: Inflammation of the air passages between the nose and the lungs, may be acute or chronic.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Common chronic lung disease marked by difficulty breathing; usually a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema.

Dyspnea: Difficulty breathing. (Grossly interchangeable with Shortness of Breath)

Dyspnea on Exertion (DOE): Shortness of breath worsened with mild exertion.

Emphysema: Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls. 

Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood.

Hemothorax: Blood in the pleural cavity.

Hypoxia: Reduced oxygen supply to tissue.

Pneumonia: Infection of the lung. 

Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Obstruction of a blood vessel to the lungs, usually due to a blood clot.

Pneumothorax: Accumulation of air in the pleural cavity causing collapse of a lung.

Rales: Also known as Crackles, these are crackling noises heard on auscultation of the lungs during inhalation (discontinued, interrupted, or explosive sounds).

Respiratory Distress: The inability to adequately ventilate causing physically labored ventilation.

Retractions: Inward movement of the chest wall with inspiration; usually a sign of respiratory distress.

Rhonchi: Loud, continuous, low-pitched lung sound (sometimes called sonorous respirations).

Sputum: Mucus coughed up from the airways.

Stridor: A continuous, whistle or squeak sound heard on auscultation, usually a sign of an obstructed airway.

Tuberculosis: An infectious disease caused by bacteria. 

Tachypnea: Increased respiratory rate.

Wheezes: Continuous, high-pitched hissing or whistling lung sound caused by narrowed airways. 

Common Procedures 

Endotracheal Intubation: A tube is placed through the nose or mouth into the trachea to establish an airway.

Tracheostomy: Creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck and the insertion of a tube to create an airway. 

Anisocoria: Unequal pupil sizes.

Cerumen: Earwax.

Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the conjunctiva.

Diplopia: Double vision. 

Dentition: The arrangement or condition of teeth.

Dental Caries: Tooth decay (Cavity).

Epistaxis: Nosebleed.

Extra Ocular Movements (EOM): Movements of the eyes controlled by six muscles.

Fontanel: Soft spot on an infant's skull.

Hemotympanum: Presence of blood in the tympanic cavity of the ear, usually a sign of skull fracture as a result of trauma.

Icterus: Jaundice (yellowing) seen in the sclera (white part) of the eye.

Injected Conjunctiva: Redness of the sclera, sign of conjunctivitis.

Malocclusion: Misalignment of the teeth.

Nares: External openings of the nasal canal (nostrils).

Nasal Septal Hematoma: Accumulation of blood within the nasal septum, usually a result of trauma.

Nystagmus: Rapid involuntary eye movements (can be horizontal, vertical, or rotary).

Occiput: Referring to the occipital area of the skull (lower back region of the head).

Pharyngeal Erythema: Redness of the throat.

Pharyngitis: Inflammation of the pharynx.

Pale Conjunctivae: Paleness of the conjunctiva, often seen in anemic patients.

Papilledema: Swelling of the optic disc, sign of increased intracranial pressure.

Photophobia: Sensitivity and aversion to light due to discomfort or pain to the eyes with light exposure.

Rhinorrhea: Runny nose.

Strabismus: Improper alignment of the eyes.

Sty (stye): Pus-filled (purulent) infection of glands near the eyelid.

Subconjunctival Hemorrhage: Bleeding that occurs underneath the conjunctiva, seen as a bright red patch on the sclera.

Tinnitus: Abnormal (ringing, buzzing, roaring) sound in the ears.

Tonsillar Exudates: Grayish-white coating on the tonsillar surface.

Trismus: Inability to open the mouth fully.

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI): Nonspecific infection in the upper respiratory tract.

Zygoma: Delicate facial bone, often a site of injury in assaults.

CA- Cancer 

Ca- Calcium 

CABG (pronounced cabbage)- Coronary artery bypass graft 

CBC- Complete blood count

CN- Cranial nerves 

C/o- Complaining of 

CAD- Coronary artery disease 

CC- Chief complaint 

CHF- Congestive heart failure 

CKD- Chronic Kidney Disease

COPD- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 

CPAP- Continuous positive airway pressure 

CPR- Cardiopulmonary resuscitation 

CSF- Cerebrospinal fluid 

CP- Chest pain 

C-spine- Cervical spine 

CTA(B)- Clear to auscultation (bilaterally)

Cx- Cervix 

CT- Computed tomography 

CVA- Cerebral vascular accident (stroke); Costovertebral angle (flank- typically consistent 

with kidney stone) 

CVP- Central venous pressure 

CXR- Chest X-ray 

D&C- Dilation & curettage 

DIB- Difficulty in breathing 

DKA- Diabetic ketoacidosis 

DTR- Deep tendon reflex 

DVT- Deep vein thrombosis 

DM- Diabetes mellitus 

DNR- Do not resuscitate 

DT's- Delirium tremens 

D/t - Due to 

Dx- Diagnosis 

ECG (or EKG)- Electrocardiogram 

ECF- Extended care facility 

ENT- Ear nose throat 

EOMI- Extra ocular movements intact 

ETT- Endotracheal tube 

EtOH- Alcohol 

ER- Emergency room 

ESRD- End stage renal disease