Data Analysis (HL)

unit on data analysis and being able to explain and analyze data more complexly

Nominal

counting data, categories or labels, can calculate mode

Ordinal

ranked data, likeart scale, can calculate median

Ratio

score out of 0, can calculate mean, median, STD

Qualitative

non-numerical, thematic analysis

Quantitative

numerical, mathematical

Primary

is collected by the researcher directly from the source for the specific purpose of the study

Secondary

is collected by someone else for another purpose, which a researcher reuses. it saves time but the quality and reliability of the data depends on the original collector

Anecdotal

is someone’s personal experience or informal observations. Not systematically collected, can be biased and is unpredictable

Empirical

is information collected through direct observation or experimentation, based on measurement.

Self-report data

participants tell their experiences through interview or survey

Behavioural data

psychologist observes behaviour like reaction times, or words recalled

Physiological data

biological measures like heart rate, brain imaging, or cortisol levels

Archival data

pre-exisiting records

Experimental

obtained from experiments, allow us to determine causality

Correlational

is quantitative but did not manipulate IV under controlled conditions with participants randomly allocated to conditions

Cross-sectional design

Collected at one point in time

Longitudinal

Over multiple time points