Unit 16 Respiratory System

Exchange gases

The primary function of the respiratory system, involving the intake of oxygen and the release of carbon dioxide.

Vocal sounds

Produced by the vibrations of the vocal cords in the larynx during exhalation.

Sense of smell

The ability to detect aromas and fragrances, which is facilitated by the nasal cavity.

Blood pH regulation

The respiratory system helps maintain the acid-base balance of the body by regulating carbon dioxide levels.

External respiration

The process where air enters the lungs and exchanges gases with the blood.

Internal respiration

The exchange of gases between blood and tissues throughout the body.

Oxygen

A gas essential for cellular respiration, enabling cells to produce energy.

Cellular respiration

The metabolic process where cells use oxygen and glucose to generate ATP.

Upper respiratory tract

Includes the nose, nasal cavity, sinuses, and pharynx.

Lower respiratory tract

Comprises the larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs.

Nasal concha

Bony structures that divide the nasal cavity and increase surface area for air filtration.

Mucus membrane

A layer that warms, moistens air, and traps dust and particles entering the nasal cavity.

Paranasal sinuses

Air-filled spaces within the bones that reduce skull weight and provide resonance for voice.

Pharynx

A muscular tube behind the mouth connecting the nasal cavity to the larynx.

Epiglottis

A flap that closes the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.

Heimlich maneuver

A first aid procedure performed to expel an object blocking the airway.

Larynx

The voice box located at the top of the trachea housing the vocal cords.

Glottis

The opening between the vocal cords within the larynx.

False vocal folds

Structures that help close off the airway during swallowing.

True vocal folds

Vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound.

Laryngitis

Inflammation of the larynx resulting in hoarseness.

Otolaryngologist

A medical doctor specializing in ear, nose, and throat disorders.

Trachea

Also known as the windpipe, a rigid tube that conducts air to the bronchi.

Bronchial tree

A branching system of airways consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary bronchi.

Bronchioles

Small air passages that branch from the bronchi and end in alveoli.

Alveoli

Tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.

Cystic Fibrosis

A genetic disorder resulting in thick mucus that obstructs airflow and causes respiratory issues.

Respiratory epithelium

The tissue lining the respiratory tract that facilitates gas exchange.

Pleural cavity

The space surrounding the lungs that contains pleural fluid for lubrication.

Diaphragm

A muscle that contracts and relaxes to facilitate breathing.

Inspiration

The process of inhaling air into the lungs.

Expiration

The process of exhaling air from the lungs.

Hypoxia

A condition characterized by an insufficient supply of oxygen in the body's tissues.

Asphyxia

A deficiency of oxygen due to inadequate breathing, often leading to choking.

COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, often caused by smoking, involving reduced airflow.

Bronchitis

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes, which can be acute or chronic.

Sleep Apnea

A sleep disorder characterized by pauses in breathing or shallow breathing.

Pulmonary embolism

A blockage in a pulmonary artery, usually due to a blood clot.

Lung cancer

Disease characterized by uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissues.

Altitude sickness

Health problems caused by low atmospheric pressure at high altitudes.

Asthma

Inflammation of the bronchial tubes that increases mucus production and breathing difficulty.

Bronchodilators

Medications that relax and widen the airways in the lungs.

Pneumothorax

The presence of air in the pleural space causing lung collapse.

Covid-19

A viral infection primarily affecting the respiratory system, leading to severe symptoms.

Cystic Fibrosis carriers

Parents who have one copy of the mutated gene that causes cystic fibrosis.

Median Pay

The average annual salary for a respiratory therapist, which was $61,830 in 2021.

Vital Capacity

The maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after taking the deepest breath.

FEV1

Forced expiratory volume in one second, a measure of lung function.

Respiratory rate

The number of breaths taken per minute, normal range is 12-18 for adults.

Spirometry

A test that measures the volume of air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs.