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Afferent nerves
Sensory transmitters that send impulses from receptors in the skin, muscles, and joints to the central nervous system.
Autonomic nervous system
Branch of the nervous system that controls involuntary body functions.
Cell body
Part of an axon that contains a nucleus.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The brain and spinal cord.
Dendrites
Branches of a neuron that collect stimuli and transport them to the cell body.
Efferent nerves
Motor transmitters that carry impulses from the central nervous system out to the muscles and glands.
Myelin sheath
The fatty bands of insulation surrounding axon fibers.
Neurilemma
The thin, membranous sheath enveloping a nerve fiber.
Neuroglia
Non-neural tissue that forms the interstitial or supporting elements of the CNS; also known as glial cells.
Nodes of Ranvier
The uninsulated gaps in the myelin sheath of a nerve fiber where the axon is exposed.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
All parts of the nervous system external to the brain and spinal cord.
Somatic Nervous System
Branch of the nervous system that stimulates the skeletal muscles
Synapse
The intersection between a neuron and another neuron, a muscle, a gland, or a sensory receptor.
Autonomic reflexes
Involuntary stimuli transmitted to cardiac and smooth muscle
Conductivity
The ability of a neuron to transmit a nerve impulse
Depolarized
A condition in which the inside of a cell membrane is more positively charged than the outside
Nerve impulse
Electrical charge that travels along a nerve fiber when stimulated
Polarized
A condition that occurs when the inside of a cell membrane is more negatively charged than the outside
Reflexes
Simple, rapid, involuntary, programmed responses to stimuli
Refractory period
The time between the completion of the action potential and repolarization
Repolarization
The reestablishment of a polarized state in a cell after depolarization
Saltatory conduction
The rapid skipping of an action potential from node to node on myelinated neurons
Somatic reflexes
Involuntary stimuli transmitted to skeletal muscles from neural arcs in the spinal cord
Axon
A long, tail-like projection of a neuron that carries an impulse away from the cell body.
Neuron
A nerve cell that conducts an impulse.
