Chapter 31: Fungi - Fungal Diversity

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15 Terms

1
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Cryptomycetes

  • 30 identified species

  • found in marine, freshwater, and soil environments

  • can be aerobic or anaerobic

  • many are parasites of protists or other fungi

  • Ex: Rozella allomycis

<ul><li><p>30 identified species</p></li><li><p>found in marine, freshwater, and soil environments</p></li><li><p>can be aerobic or anaerobic</p></li><li><p>many are parasites of protists or other fungi</p></li><li><p>Ex: <em>Rozella allomycis</em></p></li></ul><p></p>
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Microsporidians

  • 1300 species

  • unicellular parasites of protists and animals

  • commonly found in GI of humans, but can spread to other areas

  • Ex: Nosema ceranae (parasite of honeybees → Colony Collapse Disorder)

<ul><li><p>1300 species</p></li><li><p>unicellular parasites of protists and animals</p></li><li><p>commonly found in GI of humans, but can spread to other areas</p></li><li><p>Ex: <em>Nosema ceranae</em> (parasite of honeybees → Colony Collapse Disorder)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Chytrids

  • Phylum Chytridomycota

  • unicellular

  • aquatic

  • flagellated zoospores

<ul><li><p>Phylum Chytridomycota</p></li><li><p>unicellular</p></li><li><p>aquatic</p></li><li><p>flagellated zoospores</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Zoo-

-animal like

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Zoopagomycetes

  • 900 species

  • parasites or mutualists of animals

  • form filamentous hyphae

  • reproduce asexually by spores

  • non-flagellated

  • sexual reproduction

<ul><li><p>900 species</p></li><li><p>parasites or mutualists of animals</p></li><li><p>form filamentous hyphae</p></li><li><p>reproduce asexually by spores</p></li><li><p>non-flagellated</p></li><li><p>sexual reproduction</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Mucoromycetes/Zygomycetes

  • fast-growing food molds of bread, fruit, potatoes, etc.

  • some considered decomposers

  • some considered parasites of plants

  • Ex: Rhizopus stolonifer (Black Bread Mold)

<ul><li><p>fast-growing food molds of bread, fruit, potatoes, etc.</p></li><li><p>some considered decomposers</p></li><li><p>some considered parasites of plants</p></li><li><p>Ex: <em>Rhizopus stolonifer</em> (Black Bread Mold)</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Sporangia

a structure in certain plants and other organisms that is charged with making and storing spores

<p>a structure in certain plants and other organisms that is charged with making and storing spores</p>
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Zygosporangium

a thick-walled, spore-producing structure that arises from the fusion of two hyphal branches, characteristic of the Zygomycetes

<p>a thick-walled, spore-producing structure that arises from the fusion of two hyphal branches, characteristic of the Zygomycetes</p>
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Pilobus

Mucoromycetes/Zygomycetes;

grows on animal dung

aims spores toward light

grazing animals ingest spores with grass, and thus are spread through their feces

<p>Mucoromycetes/Zygomycetes;</p><p>grows on animal dung</p><p>aims spores toward light</p><p>grazing animals ingest spores with grass, and thus are spread through their feces</p>
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Ascomycetes

  • 90,000 species (largest phylum of Fungi)

  • “Sac Fungi”

  • produce sexual spores in saclike Asci

  • fruiting bodies = Ascocarps

  • Ex: truffles, morels, cordyceps, penicillium

<ul><li><p>90,000 species (largest phylum of Fungi)</p></li><li><p>“Sac Fungi”</p></li><li><p>produce sexual spores in saclike Asci</p></li><li><p>fruiting bodies = Ascocarps</p></li><li><p>Ex: truffles, morels, cordyceps, penicillium</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Basidiomycetes

  • 50,000 species

  • club-like basidium = club fungus

  • fruiting body = basidiocarp

  • important decomposer of wood and plant materials (decoming lignin/trees)

  • Ex: mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi

<ul><li><p>50,000 species</p></li><li><p>club-like basidium = club fungus</p></li><li><p>fruiting body = basidiocarp</p></li><li><p>important decomposer of wood and plant materials (decoming lignin/trees)</p></li><li><p>Ex: mushrooms, puffballs, shelf fungi</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Maiden veil fungus

basidiomycete;

Dictyphora — fungus with an odor like rotting meat

<p>basidiomycete;</p><p><em>Dictyphora </em>— fungus with an odor like rotting meat</p>
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Puffball

basidiomycete

<p>basidiomycete</p>
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Shelf fungi

basidiomycete;

important decomposers of wood

<p>basidiomycete;</p><p>important decomposers of wood</p>
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Lichens

  • symbiotic association between photosynthetic plant and a fungus

  • photosynthetic green algae or cyanobacteria

  • fungus is usually an Ascomycete

  • photosynthetic cells are held in a mass of fungal hyphae

<ul><li><p>symbiotic association between photosynthetic plant and a fungus</p></li><li><p>photosynthetic green algae or cyanobacteria</p></li><li><p>fungus is usually an Ascomycete</p></li><li><p>photosynthetic cells are held in a mass of fungal hyphae</p></li></ul><p></p>