Unit 1 Topic 1 Chem Atomic Structure and Nuclear Reaction

Nucleus

Protons and neutrons are packed tightly together in a _____.

Beta particle

An electron emitted during nuclear decay is called a _____.

Atomic number

The number of protons in the nucleus is called the _____.

Gamma rays

_____ are electromagnetic waves and are the most penetrating form of nuclear radiation.

Mass number

The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus is called the _____.

Alpha particles is

made of two neutrons and two protons and is emitted from the decaying nucleus.

Isotope

Elements with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons are called ____.

Beta decay occurs when...

A neutron turns into a proton and electron

Beta decay releases...

One electron (______ particle) is released from the nucleus

How do beta particles behave

Move quickly

What effect beta radiation have on our bodies?

Can penetrate deeper than alpha particles, and can damage the body

Radioactivity

The process of nuclear decay where matter and energy is released from an atom

Alpha decay releases...

an _____ particle made up of two protons, two neutrons, and no electrons. This is a helium atom with a +2 charge

What can stop alpha particles

You can stop the particles with a piece of paper

What effect will alpha radiation have on our bodies?

It can still be damaging in our bodies due to electric charge

How do gamma rays behave?

Gamma rays the most penetrating of nuclear radiation

Protons chooses...

The atomic number and an element idenity

Where is most of the mass of an atom located?

Most of the mass is in the nucleus

Electron cloud

where electrons are located

Nucleus is

dense, positively charged (heavy)

Electron cloud is

large and has empty space so electrons can move through lightly, negative charged (Takes up most of the space)

Protons and neutrons have almost the same

mass

Electrons are much lighter than

protons and neutrons

Alpha penetrating power is

low (stopped by paper, skin, and clothes)

Beta penetrating power is

medium (stopped by metal foils)

Gamma penetrating power is

High (stopped by inches of lead or feet of concrete)

Helium (mass 4, +2 charge)

Alpha particle

mass 0, -1 charge

Beta particle

Y (No mass, no charge)

Gamma Y