CETS 2

MIDTERMS

is usually understood as knowledge communicated

Information

is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store data, and disseminate information and provide a feedback mechanism to monitor performance

Information System

EXAMPLE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM IN CIVIL ENGINEERING

DPWH’s Integrated Infrastructure Information System

External and internal devices needed to perform a task

Hardware

Set of instructions/programs used to operate computers

Software

Facts stored in the system

Data Store

People who operate the system

Personnel

Instructions for the manpower

Procedure

It accepts the input data from outside the system

Input Function

It calculates and in other ways manipulates the input and stored data

Processing Function

It produces results of processing for use outside the system

Output Function

It retains input data and retrieves stored data

Storage Function

It ensures system performance and quality

Control & Feedback

It is a representation of a fact, a number, a word, an image or a picture, or even of a sound

Data

They may use an information directly by pressing keys on a computer keyboard or by operating a piece of equipment that sends input data to a  computer

Users

are software systems used to store, retrieve, and run queries on data. It serves as an interface between an end-user and a database, allowing users to create, read, update, and delete data in the database

Database Management System

Examples of DBMS

My SQL Database
MS Fox Pro
Oracle Database

MS Access

Microsoft SQL Server

is an interdisciplinary approach and means to enable the realization of successful information systems. It focuses on defining customer needs and required functionality early in the development cycle

Information System Engineering

Six (6) core essential stages for building and construction projects in EIS

Develop new logical system

Implementation Planning

Input/Output Media Selection

Developing the Physical System

Documentation

Estimating Run Time

Systems should integrate multiple data sources for a single source of truth.

Integration

Inaccurate data can cause costly mistakes.

Accuracy

Data must be available when needed.

Timeliness

Relevant stakeholders should have appropriate access.

Accessibility

Protect sensitive project and client data.

Security

In this year, powerful personal computers on every desktop. Introduction of software applications

2001

It describes any technology that helps to produce, manipulate, store, communicate, and/or disseminate information

Information Technology

Two general parts of IT

Computer Technology
Communications Technology

It is a programmable, multi-use machine that accepts data (i.e. raw facts and figures) and processes, or manipulates it into information we can use, such as summaries, totals, or reports

Computer

It refers to inventions related to or associated with computers and devices with a central processing unit, such as hardware and software of computers, the internet and storage devices

Computer Technology

It is the act of transferring information from one place, person, or group to another

Communication

consists of electromagnetic devices and systems for communicating over long distances

Communications Technology/Telecommunications Techology

3 main components of telecommunication

Transmitter, Atmosphere/cables, Receiver

is the use of computer-based software to aid in design processes. This software is frequently used by different types of engineers and designers as it permits a rapid generation of models or designs

CAD

is an interactive drawing system designed to permit a user to construct or edit a drawing on a graphics display screen

AutoCAD

Common Problems of IT in surveying

Unfavorable Sites

Topography

Heavy Equipment

is a computer system for capturing, managing, integrating, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying data which is spatially referenced to the Earth

GIS

is the study of phenomenon sensed from air or satellites

Remote Sensing

Meaning of Primavera

Personalized Retrieval and Indexing of Media Assets in Virtual Environments for Real-Time Access

It is the graphical presentation of system showing their active components and data interfaces between them

Data Flow Diagram

It illustrates how information moves through various processes and how people outside the system provide and receive information

Data Flow Diagram

Purpose of Data Flow Diagram

Graphical

Logical Representations

Heirarchical

Jargonless

An element which presents the flow of data and its direction

Data flow

is used to represent the data flow with the name of data written on its side

Arrow

The element which presents data transformation (transforms input into output – structure or content)

Process

It is used to represent the process with the name and number of the process shown inside

Circle/Bubble

It is a place where data is stored permanently for future retrieval

Data Store

Places where data required by the system come from and where data produced by the system goes (may be people, programs, or organizations)

Terminators

It used to represent a terminator

Box

A type of terminator that shows the incoming data

Source

A type of terminator that shows the outgoing data

Sink

is used to represent an activating action, carrying no data

Dotted Line

is used to represent a continuous flow of data with no action

Double-headed arrow

Physical flow of materials can be represented by

Double Line arrow

can be used to represent a continuous flow of materials

double headed arrow with a double line

can be used to represent materials store on site

Double parallel line and one left line

refers to the first level of analysis

Whole number

It is the collection, storage, distribution, archiving, and destruction of information

Information Management

is a communication system within a project

Information Management

It is the day-to-day management of tasks within or among the departments involved. The primary purpose of coordinating projects is to streamline the workflow of tasks

Project Coordination

The first step details what the project is and the steps to take to reach its conclusion. You, your project manager and the rest of the team need to understand the project's goals, objectives, scope, risks, timeline, budget and approach. The client approves the project before you start to work on it. Complex projects may require continual communication to give you insight into the project's direction.

Definition

This stage makes any expectations clear for your company and the client. You should know how much time you need to spend on planning the execution of the project, the reasoning for beginning the project, the benefits and the likelihood of its success. Allocate time to highlight problems that may arise and may delay progress in the project's later stages.

Initiation

In this stage, you'll align tasks with strategic goals. You'll help set priorities and agree to the desired result with the rest of your team. Perform a SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis to brainstorm solutions to problems you might face and plan how you can perform better than your competition.

Planning

In this stage, individual contributors complete their parts of the project. You'll make sure each task owner understands their role and any expectations you have for them, including deadlines, the budget or any other allocation of resources.

Execution

Project coordination helps you better monitor and control each stage of the project to ensure it's progressing according to your prescribed timeline. Collaborate with your team on the issues you encounter, to manage risks and the validity of tasks to the project's current scope. Communicate with the project manager on any updates that you may expect to face in the upcoming days or weeks before the project's completion.

Monitoring and Control

is a customer's final approval of the project after delivery. The client's approval should state that the project is final, and they can use it for their business. A project manager decides whether you and the contributors met or exceeded the project's goals in any feedback on areas of improvement for future projects to generate better results.

Closure

It is defined as the information that describes the physical facility and is required for managing its process

Project Information

It includes site survey, cost analysis, design, drawings, specifications, bill of quantities, project planning, estimates, material, and facility management

Project Information

is a process of representing a perceived reality in a simplified way

Information Modeling

consists of collecting objects, their properties, their relationships with other objects, memberships in classes, and relationship constraints

Information Modeling

It is used for analyzing the information flow between different information processing activities in the construction

Activity Model

is a set of concepts that can be used to describe the structure and operations of a database using graphical diagrams

Data Model

It focuses on modeling the structure of the information describing the products, processes, resources, and other elements of the construction process

Product Model

It is an architectural method for planning, analyzing, designing, assessing, implementing, testing, maintaining and reengineering of software and data structures

Information Engineering

Father of Information Engineering

Clive Finkelstein

Two types of Information Engineering Variants 

Data Processing Driven Variant

Business Driven Variant

An IE variant which develops a plan for implementing business systems to support business needs

Information Strategy Planning

An IE variant which answers a range of questions related to implementation of a business area

Outline Business Area Analysis

An IE variant which provides detailed models as a solid basis for system design

Detailed Business Area Analysis

A variant intended for refinement of existing strategic business plans, or development of new strategic business plans if none exist yet

Strategy Analysis

A variant which uses a facilitated modeling session with senior business managers who review the strategic business plans to develop a strategic model

Strategic Modeling

It uses the same approach as for strategic modeling but focuses on tactical business units

Tactical and Operational Modeling

It is used to document priority business activities

Activity Modeling

It is used to define process model diagrams in BPMN of priority activities for rapid delivery into production

Process Modeling

BPMN process model diagrams are used to generate XML-based code in Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) for execution

Code Generation

This principle calls for treating content as a living entity with a lifecycle, traits, and behaviors

Principle of Objects

This principle is about limiting the number of choices for the user to only the most meaningful and relevant. These choices should relate to a particular task

Principle of Choices

Just display the information visitors require to decide whether or not to continue

Principle of Disclosure

Provide some examples of the content to demonstrate to consumers what they will be able to access if some of the category options are not self explanatory. It is imperative to describe the contents of categories by showing examples of the contents

Principle of Exemplars

Try to make the site/web page accessible from anywhere users land by giving visitors who land on other pages the ability to examine helpful information and navigational aids from whenever they come on board

Principle of Front Door

The goal of __________ is to organize structure and classify content in a practical and long lasting manner

Information Architecture

Good information architecture acknowledges that people have different ways of looking for information. Even narrow audiences represent a diversity of motivations and mental models (how we imagine information space). A classification scheme attempts to provide simple ways for finding information across this range. A classification scheme describes what labels you will use to categorize the website's content.

Principle of Multiple Classification

Consistently use navigational aids. Make sure the menus are related to the same topics; mixing subjects will confuse users

Principle of Focused Navigation

This means we need a forward-thinking approach that takes into account the long-term needs of the website and its users. This principle is especially important for websites focused on creating and managing content, such as news and media sites, blogs, and e-commerce platforms – all of which need robust, flexible information architectures that scale easily, regardless of how much content is added in future.

Principle of Growth