1400s

What was the plot called to restore Richard II to the throne and in what year?

Epiphany Rising, 1400

Who became King of the Romans after Wenceslaus was deposed in 1400?

Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine

Who was burned at the stake for being a Lollard in 1400?

William Sawtrey

What county came to an end after 300 years in 1400 when it was sold to Amadeus VIII, Count of Savoy, for 45,000 gold francs?

County of Geneva

Which Scottish heir died in 1402 while being held captive by his uncle, 1st Duke of Albany?

David Stewart, Duke of Rothesay

In what battle of 1402 did Glyndŵr capture Edmund Mortimer, who later married the former’s daughter?

Battle of Bryn Glas

Who were the two main parties at the Battle of Homildon Hill, and in what year did it take place?

Hotspur and the Earl of Douglas, 1402

In what year was the Charles Bridge in Prague completed?

1402

Who died in 1403, sparking the Ottoman Interregnum?

Bayezid I, Ottoman Sultan

Which treaty saw Süleyman Çelebi grant major concessions to Christian powers in 1403?

Treaty of Gallipoli

Which antipope fled to the Crown of Aragon during the French siege of the papal palace in Avignon in 1403?

Antipope Benedict XIII

What influential battle was fought in 1403 between the Percys and Henry IV?

Battle of Shrewsbury

Who succeeded Philip II (Philip the Bold) as Duke of Burgundy, and in what year?

John the Fearless, 1404

Where was Owain Glyndŵr crowned in 1404?

Harlech

Who succeeded Pope Boniface IX in 1404?

Innocent VII

In what year did John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, become Count of Flanders upon the death of his mother, Margaret III, Countess of Flanders?

1405

What did Queen Margaret I of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden buy from the Teutonic Order in 1405?

Rights to Visby

What was the outcome of the War of Padua (1404–1405)?

Padua surrendered to the Republic of Venice

In what year was Prince James captured and subsequently held hostage by the English?

1406

In 1406, Pope Innocent VII died after only a two-year reign. Who succeeded him?

Gregory XII

In 1407, which French duke assassinated which French duke?

John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy, assassinated Louis I, Duke of Orléans

In 1408, the Percys were defeated by royalists at what battle?

Battle of Bramham Moor

What did Sigismund found in 1408?

Order of the Dragon

Who was commissioned to sculpt David in 1408?

Donatello

What council sought to end the Great Western Schism between Gregory XII of Rome and Benedict XIII of Avignon in 1409?

Council of Pisa

Whom did the Council of Pisa elect as pope?

Alexander V

After Pope Alexander V’s brief reign, who succeeded him in 1410? Like Alexander V, he was in opposition to Gregory XII.

John XXIII

Which King of the Romans died in 1410?

Rupert, Elector Palatine

When King Martin I of Aragon died in 1410, there were five contenders for his successor. Who was crowned in 1412, and what was the agreement called?

Ferdinand I, Compromise of Caspe

What battle saw Polish and Lithuanian forces crush the Teutonic Order in 1410?

Battle of Grunwald

In what year was Sigismund of Hungary elected King of the Romans?

1410

In what year was the Prague Astronomical Clock built?

1410

Which Milanese duke was assassinated in 1412?

Gian Maria Visconti

What treaty in 1412 stated that King Henry IV would help Charles VI against the Burgundians in exchange for sovereignty over Aquitaine and Gascony?

Treaty of Bourges

Following Queen Margaret I’s death in 1412, who became ruler of the Kalmar Union?

Eric of Pomerania

What Italian republic regained its independence from France in 1413?

Republic of Genoa

In what revolt of 1413 did the Burgundians seize the Bastille and take control of Paris for four months?

Cabochien Revolt

At the Battle of Çamurlu, who decisively ended the Ottoman Interregnum?

Mehmed I defeated his brother Musa

The Union of Horodło was signed between which two states in 1413?

Kingdom of Poland and Grand Duchy of Lithuania

What university was chartered by papal bull in 1413?

University of St Andrews

What revolt against Henry V took place at St Giles’ Field in 1414?

Oldcastle Revolt

Who was imprisoned for heresy and later burned at the stake in 1415?

Jan Hus

What council convened in 1414 to solve the problem of three popes? Who were the three popes?

Council of Constance; Gregory XII of Rome, Benedict XIII of Avignon, John XXIII of Pisa

Who became Elector of Brandenburg in 1415, the first ruler of the House of Hohenzollern?

Frederick I

What was the attempted assassination plot against Henry V in 1415 called?

Southampton Plot

At what battle did Venetian admiral Pietro Loredan destroy the Ottoman fleet in 1416?

Battle of Gallipoli

What treaty allied Sigismund with Henry V against France in 1416?

Treaty of Canterbury

Which pope was unanimously elected in 1417 to end the Western Schism?

Martin V

When did Henry V begin the Siege of Rouen?

1418

What treaty between the Teutonic Order and the Polish-Lithuanian alliance ended the war in 1411?

First Peace of Thorn

What major figure was assassinated in France in 1419?

John the Fearless, Duke of Burgundy

What battle of 1420 saw Jan Žižka defeat Holy Roman forces?

Battle of Vítkov Hill

The 1420 Battle of Angermünde was fought between which two HRE factions?

Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg, and the Pomeranian alliance

What treaty saw Charles VI of France acknowledge Henry V and Catherine of Valois’s future son as his heir, and in what year?

Treaty of Troyes, 1420

What important figure was killed at the Battle of Baugé in 1421?

Thomas, Duke of Clarence

Who assumed power from Manuel II Palaiologos as Byzantine emperor in 1421?

John VIII Palaiologos

Which Ottoman sultan died in 1421, and who succeeded him?

Mehmed I died; Murad II succeeded him

What war culminated in the Treaty of Melno in 1422? It permanently ceded Samogitia to Lithuania.

Golub War

What battle of 1424 is sometimes known as the second Agincourt?

Battle of Verneuil

Who took over from Jan Zizka in 1424 to lead the Hussites?

Prokop the Great

The Battle of Brouwershaven of 1426 was part of what larger war?

Hook and Cod Wars

What battle of the Hundred Years’ War saw English forces smashed and allowed Charles VII to be crowned at Reims?

Battle of Patay

Who was elected to replace Vytautus, Grand Duke of Lithuania, in 1430? It violated the agreement with Poland to allow their nobles to participate in the election.

Svitrigaila

Who became the new Pope in 1431, the 207th?

Eugene IV

The Treaty of Chritmemel saw which two groups create an anti-Polish alliance in 1431?

Teutonic Knights and Svitrigaila

With Polish support, who became the rival Lithuanian Grand Duke in 1432?

Sigismund Kestutaitis

In what year was Sigismund crowned Holy Roman Emperor? The post had been vacant since the death of Charles IV in 1378.

1433

At what battle were the Hussites effectively defeated in 1434?

Battle of Lipany

In what years was the siege of Paris, when Charles VII and co. managed to regain control from the English?

1435–1436

At the Peace of Brześć Kujawski in 1435, whom did the Teutons agree to stop supporting?

Svitrigaila

When Erik of Pomerania was deposed from the Swedish throne for the second time in 1436, who succeeded him?

Engelbrekt Engelbrektsson

Who replaced Louis III as Elector Palatine in 1436?

Louis IV of Wittelsbach

Which western king was murdered in 1437?

James I, King of Scotland

Who was crowned King of Hungary after Sigismund’s death in 1438?

Albert II of Habsburg

What war, from 1438–1441, revolved around trade in northwestern Europe?

Dutch–Hanseatic War

Who became King of Portugal after the death of King Edward in 1438?

Afonso V

After Engelbrektsson’s death, who gained control of Sweden in opposition to Erik of Pomerania?

Karl Knutsson Bonde

What happened at the Diet of Mainz in 1439?

Eugene IV was declared a heretic at Council of Basel

At the Council of Basel, who was elected to replace Eugene IV? He was considered an antipope.

Amadeus VIII, Duke of Savoy

Which Portuguese city was conquered from the Marinids in 1415, marking the beginning of Portuguese overseas expansion?

Ceuta

Who succeeded Ladislaus as King of Naples in 1414?

Joanna II

Which duke succeeded Gian Maria Visconti as Duke of Milan in 1412?

Filippo Maria Visconti

Who became the dominant political figure in Florence after returning from exile in 1434?

Cosimo de’ Medici

What decree of the Council of Constance declared that an ecumenical council held authority over the pope?

Haec Sancta

Who was executed for heresy by the Council of Constance in 1416 after refusing to recant?

Jerome of Prague

What agreement ended the Hussite Wars in 1436?

Compacts of Basel

Which French political alliance formed in 1413 in opposition to the Burgundians?

Armagnac faction

Which Teutonic Grandmaster died in 1410 and who succeeded him?

Ulrich von Jungingen died; Heinrich von Plauen succeeded him

When was Joanna II of Naples’s reign?

1414–1435

From when to when was Vytautas the Great Grand Duke of Lithuania?

1401–1430

From when to when was Murad II the Ottoman Sultan?

1421–1444

When King Albert of Hungary died in 1440, who did his wife propose as his successor?

Ladislaus the Posthumous

What was the Dauphin Louis’s revolt against King Charles VII in 1440 called?

The Praguerie

What major murder happened in Lithuania in 1440?

Sigismund Kestutaitis was assassinated by supporters of Svitrigaila

Who became Grand Duke of Lithuania in 1440?

Casimir IV Jagiellon, son of Władysław II

Where was the Siege of Tartas of 1440?

Gascony

What year was Charles, Duke of Orleans, released from England?

1440

What happened at the 1441 Council of Florence?

Pope Eugene IV declared members of the Council of Basel as heretics

What 1441 treaty ended the Dutch-Hanseatic War?

Treaty of Copenhagen

Who took over from whom in Naples in 1443?

King Alfonso V of Aragon took over from King Rene of Anjou