Descriptive and Inferential Statistics

These flashcards cover key vocabulary terms and definitions related to descriptive and inferential statistics, aiding in the understanding of data analysis concepts.

Descriptive Statistics

Statistics that summarize and describe the features of a dataset.

Inferential Statistics

Statistics that allow us to make inferences about a larger population based on a sample.

Central Tendency

A measure that represents the center or typical value of a dataset, commonly represented by the mean, median, and mode.

Dispersion

A measure that describes the spread of data points in a dataset, such as range, variance, and standard deviation.

Range

The difference between the maximum and minimum values in a dataset.

Mean

The average of a dataset, calculated by summing all values and dividing by the number of values.

Median

The middle value in a dataset when the values are arranged in ascending order.

Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a dataset.

Standard Deviation

A statistical measure that quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values.

Variance

The average of the squared differences from the mean, indicating how much the values in a dataset vary.

Nominal Scale

A level of measurement that classifies data into distinct categories in which no order or ranking can be applied.

Ordinal Scale

A measurement scale that indicates the rank order of data but does not provide information about the magnitude of differences between ranks.

Interval Scale

A numerical scale where the difference between values is meaningful, but there is no true zero point.

Ratio Scale

A measurement scale that has a true zero point, allowing for meaningful comparison of ratios.

Frequency Table

A table that displays the frequency of various outcomes in a dataset.

Point Estimate

A single value that serves as an estimate of an unknown population parameter.

Confidence Interval

A range of values that is likely to contain a population parameter with a certain level of confidence.

Univariate Analysis

Statistical analysis that involves only one variable.

Multivariate Analysis

Statistical analysis that examines multiple variables simultaneously.