Respiratory System Review

Flashcards covering key terms and concepts from the respiratory system lecture notes.

Parts of the respiratory pathway

Nostrils, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli.

What makes up the nasal cavity?

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone.

Where do the pulmonary vessels, nerves, and bronchi enter/leave the lung?

Hilum.

Where are the pharyngeal tonsils located?

Nasopharynx.

What produces sounds in the respiratory system?

Vibration of the vocal cords.

What happens during swallowing?

The larynx is pulled superiorly, closing the glottis against the epiglottis.

What are serous membranes?

Membranes that have fluid for protection from friction.

Types of membrane layers in the thorax

Parietal (lines cavity walls), visceral (line the organs), mediastinum (space between lungs), mesenteries (attach intestines to abdominal wall), peritoneums (contain both parietal and visceral layers in the abdomen).

What happens when blood carbon dioxide rises?

Acidosis.

What are the parts of air volume?

Tidal volume, inspiratory reserve, expiratory reserve, and residual volume.

Structural parts of the lung?

Superior and inferior lobes, cardiac notch.

Parts of the nose?

Septum, nostrils, nasal cavity.

What is hyperventilation?

Rapid breathing that causes alkalosis (more basic).

What is hypoventilation?

Decreased breathing that causes acidosis.

What are meatuses?

Connections between the respiratory passageways.

What happens to breathing with a decrease in pH?

Breathing becomes more acidic, often due to lung disease.

Effect of increased body temperature on hemoglobin?

Increases the ability of hemoglobin to hold oxygen.

Functions that respiration can affect?

Micturition (urination), defecation (bowel movements), parturition (childbirth).

What is apnea?

Temporary cessation of breathing; may follow hyperventilation.

What affects the respiratory rhythm and depth?

Changes in the blood levels of CO2.

When do lungs continue to mature?

Early adulthood.

What is the uvula?

The dangly thing that hangs into the oropharynx from the center of the posterior border of the soft palate.

What is the glottis?

The opening of the larynx.

What is the epiglottis?

The flap that covers the glottis.

What type of cartilage is involved in the respiratory system?

Hyaline cartilage.

What is anoxia?

Severe shortage of oxygen in the tissues.

What is rhinitis?

Inflammation of the nasal mucosa.

What is tuberculosis?

An inflammatory disease of the lungs where tissue becomes cheesy and ulcerated; highly contagious.

What is epistaxis?

Nosebleed.

What should you be able to do with a diagram of the respiratory passageways?

Identify the major parts.