Unit 3: Cell Transport, Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis

Cellular transport

the movement of materials into, out of, or within of a cell

Osmosis

Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane

Diffusion

Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Active Transport

Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference

Passive Transport

the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell

Glucose

A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.

Selectively Permeable

membranes that allow some substances through but not others

Concentration

A measurement of how much solute exists within a certain volume of solvent

Macromolecules

large molecules

Polarity

Charge differences on opposite ends of a structure ( pos. & neg.). Opposites attract.

Lipid Bilayer

flexible double-layered sheet that makes up the cell membrane and forms a barrier between the cell and its surroundings

Solution

A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.

Equilibrium

A state of balance

Solute

A substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Aerobic Respiration

Respiration that requires oxygen

Anaerobic Respiration

Process that does not require oxygen

Cellular Respiration

process used in cell to break down glucose and produce ATP

Lactic Acid Fermentation

anaerobic process that occurs in animals and some bacteria

Mitochondria

Organelle found in all organisms that is the site of aerobic cellular respiration

Chloroplast

An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs

Reactant

A chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction

Product

A substance produced in a chemical reaction

Pigments

Chlorophyll--Chemicals that absorb light energy and use it to carry out photosynthesis. membranes in chloroplast.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Main energy source that cells use for most of their work.

Chlorophyll

Green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis

Carbohydrate

compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body

Lipid

Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Protein

macromolecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen; needed by the body for growth and repair

Nucleic Acid

macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus; genetic material

Photosynthesis

Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy.