SW ARCH Quiz 2 Navajo and Apache Architecture

What is a Hogan?

A circular or polygonal dwelling sanctioned by sacred stories, with an entrance facing east.

What are the types of Hogan structures?

Types include conical forked pole, four-sided leaning log, vertical log (jacal), and recent polygonal with wood plank walls.

What is a Ramada?

A four-pole structure covered with branches and brush for shade and wind protection.

How did Navajo houses change after 1900?

They became rectangular, some multi-room, with an east entrance, built of wood frame, stone, and cribbed log construction.

What is a typical extended family cluster in Navajo culture?

Isolated locations with matrilocal residence, separate hogan or house for each nuclear family, sweat house, and corrals.

What purpose do trading posts serve on the Navajo reservation?

They were built by Anglos to trade, barter, and pawn goods for Navajo crafts, especially silver jewelry and blankets.

What traditional dwellings do Mescalero and Jicarilla Apaches use?

Small Plains-style tipis and Wikiup/Kowas, which are domical structures covered with brush, skins, or canvas.

What is the typical structure of a tipi?

Typically has 16 poles with buffalo hides or canvas, a center fire pit, and an entry between poles.

What significant change occurred in Apache housing in the 1930s?

The Bureau of Indian Affairs constructed disbursed family farmsteads consisting of a small house, barn, and chicken coop.

What was the housing situation for Mescaleros between 1955 and 1960?

The tribe moved structures into matrilocal clusters near tribal headquarters.

What cultural influences did the Navajo adopt from the Pueblo?

Agriculture and sheep herding.

What is the significance of the east-facing entrance in a Hogan?

It is aligned with sacred beliefs and stories, particularly in the Blessingway ceremony.

What materials were traditionally used in Apache Wikiup/Kowas construction?

Saplings, brush, skins, or canvas.

What social function does a tipi serve?

It is a site for pipe ceremonies and everyday social interactions.