reading & writing

Reading

Complex cognitive process of decoding

Writing

structured process of producing coherent texts that communicate ideas

Decoding

Written symbols

vocabulary knowledge

Understanding the meaning of words and expressions used in a text

Fluency

Ability to read smoothly, accurately and with speed and precision

Reading Comprehension

Ability to understand, interpret and analyze what is read

Critical Reading

reader analyzes the text, arguements, and judge based on the evidence

Schema

reader’s prior knowledge

Content or Ideas

refers to the clarity, relevance and depth of ideas presented in the text

Organization

Arrangement of ideas in a structure

Coherence

Overall logical flow of ideas

Cohesion

Use of linking words

Language Use

Use of vocabulary, tone and sentenced structures

Grammar and Mechanics

Correct use of grammar, punctuation and more in communication

Purpose and Audience Awareness

writer’s ability to tailer content depending on who will read the text and why it is written

Discourse

language used in real communication and very context-dependent

Narrative Discourse

structured form of language that constructs meaning through the representation and sequencing of events, stories within a temporal framework

Descriptive Discourse

constructs meaning by describing objects, person, places.

Expository Discourse

systematic and structured form of language that is designed to inform, explain or clarify concepts.

Persuasive Discourse

aims to influence, shape through structured arguementation. Ethos Pathos Logic

Connected Discourse

sequences that are organized logically and meaningfully

Unity

All sentences stay focused on one topic

Reader - Writer Relationship

dynamic and interactive process of meaning-making. writer encodes meaning through language, reader interprets

Topic Sentence

states the main idea

Supporting Sentence

Explains, describe, prove the topic sentence

Unity Rule

Every sentence must relate to the topic sentence

Paragraph Development

way ideas are explained, extended, and supported in a paragraph

Definition

Writer explains the meaning of a term

Description

writer uses detailed sensory information to create a mental image of a person, object, place

Example/Illustration

Writer supports a main idea by giving specific cases, real life examples.

Cause and Effect

why something happens and what happens as a result

Comparison and Contrast

method that shows similarities and differences between ideas

Problem Solution

identifies a problem and shows a solution to address it

Narration

Presents ideas in a logical sequence like telling a story