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60 Terms

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Treaty of Paris of 1763

Gave Great Britain French Canadian territory and Spanish Florida as a result of winning French and Indian War.

<p>Gave Great Britain French Canadian territory and Spanish Florida as a result of winning French and Indian War.</p>
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Sons of Liberty
Secret society organized to intimidate tax agents by tarring and feathering tax collectors
Secret society organized to intimidate tax agents by tarring and feathering tax collectors
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John Dickinson
Authored "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" which helped turn public opinion against the Townshend Acts
Authored "Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania" which helped turn public opinion against the Townshend Acts
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Committees of Correspondence
System of communication between patriots that throughout the colonies to express concerns and rally support against Britain.
System of communication between patriots that throughout the colonies to express concerns and rally support against Britain.
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Intolerable Acts of 1774

Nickname for the Coercive Acts created to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party.

<p>Nickname for the Coercive Acts created to punish the colonists for the Boston Tea Party.</p>
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George III
Tyrannical King of England.
Tyrannical King of England.
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salutary neglect
English policy of relaxing the enforcement of Navigation Laws that took place prior to 1760s
English policy of relaxing the enforcement of Navigation Laws that took place prior to 1760s
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Pontiac's Rebellion
Uprising of Native Americans too stop settlement of tribal lands in the Great Lakes area by British
Uprising of Native Americans too stop settlement of tribal lands in the Great Lakes area by British
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Proclamation Act of 1763
Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mts. The colonists were angry and disobeyed the law.
Prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mts. The colonists were angry and disobeyed the law.
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Albany Plan of Union
Ben Franklin's attempt to unite the colonies to help defeat France. Would have added limited home rule to the colonists.
Ben Franklin's attempt to unite the colonies to help defeat France. Would have added limited home rule to the colonists.
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Edward Braddock
Top British commander who attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was mortally wounded. by the French and the Indians.
Top British commander who attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. He was mortally wounded. by the French and the Indians.
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George Washington
Appointed commander-in chief of new colonial army by 2nd Cont. Congress
Appointed commander-in chief of new colonial army by 2nd Cont. Congress
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Sugar Act of 1764

A British act which placed duties on foreign sugar. Its primary purpose was to raise money for the English Crown.

<p>A British act which placed duties on foreign sugar. Its primary purpose was to raise money for the English Crown.</p>
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Quartering Act of 1765

Required the colonists to provide food and lodging for British soldiers.
Required the colonists to provide food and lodging for British soldiers.
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Stamp Act of 1765

Required revenue markings to be placed on almost all printed paper. This was the first tax paid directly by the colonists, rather than merchants. Boycotts were effective in repealing this act.
Required revenue markings to be placed on almost all printed paper. This was the first tax paid directly by the colonists, rather than merchants. Boycotts were effective in repealing this act.
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Declaratory Act of 1766

Parliament reaffirmed that it had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies in all cases whatsoever.

<p>Parliament reaffirmed that it had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies in all cases whatsoever.</p>
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Townshend Acts of 1767

Parliament enacted new taxes to be collected on imports of tea, glass, and paper.

<p>Parliament enacted new taxes to be collected on imports of tea, glass, and paper.</p>
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Writs of Assistance
A general license to search anywhere for smuggled goods without a warrant for a specific property.
A general license to search anywhere for smuggled goods without a warrant for a specific property.
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Tea Act of 1773

In 1773, Parliament passed this act which taxed imported tea. The result was that British tea was even cheaper than smuggled Dutch tea. Colonists responded with the Boston Tea Party because they still felt this was taxation without representation.
In 1773, Parliament passed this act which taxed imported tea. The result was that British tea was even cheaper than smuggled Dutch tea. Colonists responded with the Boston Tea Party because they still felt this was taxation without representation.
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John Locke
Enlightenment philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" and natural rights to life, liberty and property.
Enlightenment philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" and natural rights to life, liberty and property.
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Samuel Adams
Radical delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress. He started Committees of Correspondence.
Radical delegate from Massachusetts to the Continental Congress. He started Committees of Correspondence.
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John Adams
He had acted as a lawyer for British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre. In 1796, this Federalist, was elected as the second president of the United States. In 1800, he lost the presidential election to Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican.
He had acted as a lawyer for British soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre. In 1796, this Federalist, was elected as the second president of the United States. In 1800, he lost the presidential election to Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican.
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John Jay
Helped negotiate Treaty of Paris, 1783. 1st Chief Justice of SCOTUS
Helped negotiate Treaty of Paris, 1783. 1st Chief Justice of SCOTUS
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Olive Branch Petition
In July 1775, the Second Continental Congress tried a last effort for peace. Colonists pledged their loyalty and asked the king to go to Parliament to secure peace and protect their colonial rights.
In July 1775, the Second Continental Congress tried a last effort for peace. Colonists pledged their loyalty and asked the king to go to Parliament to secure peace and protect their colonial rights.
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Declaration of Independence
Primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, expressed the basic principles of the American revolution. It was ratified on July 4, 1776.
Primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, expressed the basic principles of the American revolution. It was ratified on July 4, 1776.
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states.
Federal order that divided the Northwest Territory into smaller territories and created a plan for how the territories could become states.
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Lexington and Concord, 1775
First battle in the Revolutionary War, (AKA "shot heard round the world") fought in Massachusetts on April 19, 1775.
First battle in the Revolutionary War, (AKA "shot heard round the world") fought in Massachusetts on April 19, 1775.
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Battle of Bunker Hill
First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition.
First major battle of the Revolutions. It showed that the Americans could hold their own, but the British were also not easy to defeat. Ultimately, the Americans were forced to withdraw after running out of ammunition.
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Battle of Saratoga (1777)
Colonial victory in upstate New York; considered to be the turning point of the American Revolution. Caused France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent.
Colonial victory in upstate New York; considered to be the turning point of the American Revolution. Caused France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent.
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Battle of Yorktown
In 1781, the last major battle of the Revolutionary War forced the surrender of a large British army commanded by General Cornwallis.
In 1781, the last major battle of the Revolutionary War forced the surrender of a large British army commanded by General Cornwallis.
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Articles of Confederation
Adopted by Congress in 1777, it created a central government with limited powers. Its major weakness was a limited power to tax, leaving debts from the war unpaid.
Adopted by Congress in 1777, it created a central government with limited powers. Its major weakness was a limited power to tax, leaving debts from the war unpaid.
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Treaty of Paris of 1783

Brought an end to the Revolutionary War. It stated that:

1. Britain would recognize the existence of the US.

2. The Mississippi River would be the western border of the US.

3. Americans would have fishing rights off the coast of Canada.

4. Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and honor Loyalist claims for property confiscated during the war.

<p>Brought an end to the Revolutionary War. It stated that:</p><p>1. Britain would recognize the existence of the US.</p><p>2. The Mississippi River would be the western border of the US.</p><p>3. Americans would have fishing rights off the coast of Canada.</p><p>4. Americans would pay debts owed to British merchants and honor Loyalist claims for property confiscated during the war.</p>
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Common Sense
In January 1776, Thomas Paine wrote this pamphlet that argued in clear and forceful language that the colonies should break with Britain.
In January 1776, Thomas Paine wrote this pamphlet that argued in clear and forceful language that the colonies should break with Britain.
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Patriots
American colonists who fought for independence from Great Britain during the Revolutionary War
American colonists who fought for independence from Great Britain during the Revolutionary War
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Loyalists
Pro-British (Tories) colonists the majority of this group tended to be wealthy and conservative and many were clergy and government officials.
Pro-British (Tories) colonists the majority of this group tended to be wealthy and conservative and many were clergy and government officials.
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Abigail Adams
She urged her husband to "Remember the Ladies" in the new government he was helping to create.
She urged her husband to "Remember the Ladies" in the new government he was helping to create.
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Shays' Rebellion
A 1787 group of ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes; Showed frailty of Articles of Confederation
A 1787 group of ex-Revolutionary War soldiers attempted to prevent foreclosures of farms as a result of high interest rates and taxes; Showed frailty of Articles of Confederation
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James Madison
He is one of the major authors of the Constitution, and is known as the Father of the Constitution.
He is one of the major authors of the Constitution, and is known as the Father of the Constitution.
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Alexander Hamilton
1st Treasury Secratary-BEFAT
1st Treasury Secratary-BEFAT
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Federalists
Favored a strong central government, and a Constitution to improve on the Articles of Confederation. They were most common along the Atlantic coast and in the large cities.
Favored a strong central government, and a Constitution to improve on the Articles of Confederation. They were most common along the Atlantic coast and in the large cities.
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Anti-Federalist
Argued that the proposed Constitution contained no protection of individual rights, and that it gave the federal government too much power. They tended to be small farmers and settlers on the western frontier.
Argued that the proposed Constitution contained no protection of individual rights, and that it gave the federal government too much power. They tended to be small farmers and settlers on the western frontier.
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Federalist Papers
Series of essays, written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. They argued effectively in favor of Constitution.
Series of essays, written by James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay. They argued effectively in favor of Constitution.
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Bill of Rights
The first ten amendments to the Constitution, added to protect the rights of individual citizens, and adopted in 1781.
The first ten amendments to the Constitution, added to protect the rights of individual citizens, and adopted in 1781.
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Washington's Farewell Address
It warned Americans: not to make permanent alliances in foreign affairs, not to from political parties, and not to fall into sectionalism.
It warned Americans: not to make permanent alliances in foreign affairs, not to from political parties, and not to fall into sectionalism.
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Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798

Authorized the president to deport dangerous foreigners. Made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize the president or Congress.
Authorized the president to deport dangerous foreigners. Made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize the president or Congress.
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Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.
Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could nullify federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional.
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national bank
Hamilton's big idea; fiercely opposed by Jefferson and Democratic-Rep. Justified it using the elastic clause
Hamilton's big idea; fiercely opposed by Jefferson and Democratic-Rep. Justified it using the elastic clause
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Treaty of Greenville
Gave America all of Ohio after General Mad Anthony Wayne battled and defeated Miami Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
Gave America all of Ohio after General Mad Anthony Wayne battled and defeated Miami Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers.
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Great Compromise
Adopted at the Constitutional Convention. It provided for a two house legislature
Adopted at the Constitutional Convention. It provided for a two house legislature
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three-fifths compromise (1787)
Agreement between northern and southern states on the issue of slavery.
Agreement between northern and southern states on the issue of slavery.
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electoral college
This system would determine the president of the United States.
This system would determine the president of the United States.
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Judiciary Act of 1789

A law passed by the first Congress to establish the federal court system.
A law passed by the first Congress to establish the federal court system.
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national debt
This was part of Federalist Alexander Hamilton's economic plan. He insisted that the federal government assume the war debts of the states and pay off the national debt at face value. This would build the nation's credit, giving other countries the confidence to lend the U.S. more money.
This was part of Federalist Alexander Hamilton's economic plan. He insisted that the federal government assume the war debts of the states and pay off the national debt at face value. This would build the nation's credit, giving other countries the confidence to lend the U.S. more money.
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Whiskey Rebellion
In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania protested against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey. Put down by forces led by Washington reaffirming the power of the new national government.
In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania protested against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey. Put down by forces led by Washington reaffirming the power of the new national government.
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Democratic-Republican Party
Political party that were against the Federalists. They opposed strong central government and favored states rights. They were led by Thomas Jefferson.
Political party that were against the Federalists. They opposed strong central government and favored states rights. They were led by Thomas Jefferson.
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Revolution of 1800
Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified faith in America's political system.
Electoral victory of Democratic Republicans over the Federalists, who lost their Congressional majority and the presidency. The peaceful transfer of power between rival parties solidified faith in America's political system.
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Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)
A formal announcement issued by President George Washington declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.
A formal announcement issued by President George Washington declaring the United States a neutral nation in the conflict between Great Britain and France.
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Jay Treaty (1794)
US & Great Britain agreement that stopped the search and seizure of American ships by the British, made America pay pre-revolutionary debts, and opened British ports.
US & Great Britain agreement that stopped the search and seizure of American ships by the British, made America pay pre-revolutionary debts, and opened British ports.
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Pinckney Treaty (1795-1796)
Spain agreed to the right of deposit to Americans so they could transfer cargo in New Orleans without paying duties.
Spain agreed to the right of deposit to Americans so they could transfer cargo in New Orleans without paying duties.
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XYZ Affair
An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.
An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand.