psychosis

What is psychosis?

Psychosis is a mental disorder characterized by a disconnection from reality, which may manifest as delusions, hallucinations, or other thought disturbances.

What are the four major domains disturbed in psychotic disorders?

The four major domains disturbed in psychotic disorders include: 1. Thought processes 2. Perception 3. Emotion 4. Behavior.

Name two examples of psychotic disorders.

Two examples of psychotic disorders are: 1. Schizophrenia 2. Delusional Disorder.

Differentiate psychotic and neurotic disorders.

JIPR

What are the timelines for Brief Psychotic Disorder, Schizophreniform Disorder, and Schizophrenia according to DSM-5?

According to DSM-5: - Brief Psychotic Disorder - less than 1 month.

Schizophreniform Disorder 1-6 moths

Schizophrenia lasts for at least 6 months.

Wdym by schizoaffective disorders

Mood disorders and psychotic

What is the minimum duration of isolated psychotic symptoms required in schizoaffective disorder?

The minimum duration of isolated psychotic symptoms required in schizoaffective disorder is 2 weeks.

What is the duration criterion for delusional disorder in DSM-5 and ICD?

ICD - 3 months

DSM - 1 month

Who coined the term schizophrenia?

The term schizophrenia was coined by Eugen Bleuler.

What are Bleuler’s 4 A’s?

Bleuler’s 4 A’s are:

Autism

Affective flattening

Ambivalence

Association loss

Which common symptom is NOT a part of Bleuler’s 4 A’s?

Auditory hallucinations are not part of Bleuler’s 4 A’s.

List Schneider’s First Rank Symptoms.

3 auditory hallucination.

3 made phenomena,

3 thought phenomena,

somatic passivity

primary delusional experience.

What are the negative symptoms of schizophrenia?

Negative symptoms of schizophrenia include: 1. Affective flattening

2. Alogia

3. Anhedonia

4. Avolition.

5. Apathy

6. Attention deficit

Define anhedonia.

Anhedonia is the inability to experience pleasure or maintain interest in activities that were once enjoyable.

Diagnosis of schizophrenia

Core symptoms

Catatonia

Negative symptoms

Any 2 out of which 1 is core > 1 month ICD > 6 month DSM

What are the core symptoms required for diagnosis of schizophrenia?

1 among three

Delusions

Hallucinations

Formal thought disorder

Define delusion.

A delusion is a firmly held false belief that is resistant to reason or confrontation with actual facts.

What is Idea ?

False and fluctuating beliefs

What is the most common delusion in schizophrenia?

The most common delusion in schizophrenia is the delusion of persecution or paranoid delusion

Define idea.

An idea is a mental representation or concept that may not necessarily correspond to reality.

What is Othello syndrome?

Delusion of jealousy / infidelity

Common in chronic alcoholics

Othello syndrome is a type of delusion where a person believes their partner is being unfaithful

What is De Clerambault syndrome?

De Clerambault syndrome is a type of delusion in which an individual believes that another person, often of higher social status, is in love with them.

What is Cotard syndrome?

Severe depression and nihilistic delusion

Cotard syndrome is a rare neuropsychiatric disorder where individuals believe they are dead or do not exist.

What is Magnan syndrome?

Delusion of persecution and tactile hallucination

Maganan syndrome also known as

Cocaine psychosis cocaine bugs / formication

What is Ekbom syndrome?

Ekbom syndrome, or delusional parasitosis,

Matchbox sign

A/w Restless leg syndrome

What is Capgras syndrome?

known person is stranger

Negative misidentification/ delusion of doubles

What is Fregoli syndrome?

stranger is a persecutor

Positive misidentification

Which hallucination is most common in schizophrenia?

The most common hallucination in schizophrenia is auditory hallucinations.

Which hallucination is most commonly associated with organic mental disorders?

Visual hallucinations are most commonly associated with organic mental disorders.

Define true hallucination.

A true hallucination is a perception that occurs in the absence of external stimulus, convincingly experienced as real.

Define pseudohallucination.

from inner objective

Formal thought disorders also called as

Word salad

Disorganized thinking

Thought form

Features of formal thought disorder

Derailment

Tangentitality

Neologism

Syllogistic thinking

Autistic thinking

What is the most common neuroanatomical dysfunction implicated in catatonia?

Frontal lobe dysfunction

Name four clinical features of catatonia.

Four clinical features of catatonia include: 1. Stupor 2. Catalepsy 3. Waxy flexibility 4. Echolalia.

What is waxy flexibility?

Waxy flexibility is a condition where a person allows their body to be moved into strange positions, maintaining that position for extended periods.

What is catalepsy?

Catalepsy is a state characterized by a lack of response to external stimuli and a rigid body posture.

What is the Lorazepam Challenge Test?

The Lorazepam Challenge Test is used to determine the presence of catatonia by observing the individual's response to lorazepam.

Which antipsychotic is DOC for treatment-resistant schizophrenia?

Clozapine is considered the drug of choice (DOC) for treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Define treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Treatment-resistant schizophrenia is defined as a condition where patients do not respond adequately to at least two different antipsychotic medications.

Which antipsychotic causes maximum hyperprolactinemia?

Risperidone is the antipsychotic that causes maximum hyperprolactinemia.

Which atypical antipsychotic is weight neutral?

Lurasidone is considered weight neutral among atypical antipsychotics.

Which antipsychotic causes cataract?

The antipsychotic associated with causing cataracts is Chlorpromazine.

Which antipsychotic has the least EPS?

Quetiapine is known to have the least extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS).

Which antipsychotic causes maximum sedation reduction?

Clozapine causes maximum sedation reduction.

What is akathisia?

Akathisia is a movement disorder characterized by a feeling of inner restlessness and an uncontrollable need to be in constant motion.

What is the treatment of akathisia?

The treatment of akathisia may include beta-blockers, benzodiazepines, or anticholinergic medications.

What is acute dystonia?

Acute dystonia is a painful contraction of muscles, often affecting the neck and eyes, typically occurring shortly after taking antipsychotic medications.

What is oculogyric crisis?

Oculogyric crisis is a condition characterized by uncontrolled rolling of the eyes, resulting in muscle spasms.

What is tardive dyskinesia?

Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder characterized by repetitive, involuntary movements, often resulting from long-term use of antipsychotic medications.

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