Exploring Psychology Chapter 13

Personality

individual characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Psychoanalytic theory

describe development and structure of personality (Emphasis on unconscious) (Created by Freud)

psychoanalysis

thoughts and actions to unconscious motives and conflicts

Id

Pleasure - sexual and aggressive desires (Devil) (Unconscious)

Ego

Reality (Mediator - conscious/unconscious)

Superego

voice of conscious - judgements and aspirations (Angel)

Unconscious

unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, memories (unaware)

Free association

saying the first thing that comes to your mind

Oedipus Complex

sexually attracted to a mother, fearful of a father (Freud)

Identification

children incorporate parent's values

(ex. parents are honest people -> child comes to realize honesty is important)

Fixation

to remain focus of pleasure-seeking energies

(ex. Aoi cannot stop nail biting)

Defense Mechanisms

ego reducing anxiety by distracting reality

Repression

banish from conscious thought feelings and memories

(ex. a child got violence => no recollection, but have trouble to make relationships with others)

Collective unconscious

(Jung) shared memory from species' history

Trait

a characteristic pattern of behavior (actions across situations)

Projective tests

Personality test (inner dynamics)

Thematic apperception Test (TAT)

the test which makes up the stories by observing ambiguous scenes

The Rorschach test

the test which assigns a series of symmetrical inkblots to people to see unconscious aspects of their personality

Humanistic Theorists

personality with focus on healthy personal growth (Positive Psychology)

Self-actualization

(Maslow) after physical and psychological needs are met you seek to fill your full potential

Person-centered perspective

people are basically good with self-actualizing tendencies (Roder)

Genuineness

people are open with their own feelings, are transparent and self-didschosing

Acceptance

people offer an attitude of grace that values us knowing our failings

Empathy

people share and mirror other's feelings and reflect thier meanings.

Unconditional positive regard

nonjudgmental attitude (awareness and acceptance)

Self-concept

Thoughts and feelings of self

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

The big 5 (OCEAN)

Minnnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

the inventory developed to identify emotional disorders

Social-cognitive perspective

behavior interaction between people's traits and social context

Reciprocal determinism

interacting behavior, internal cognition, environment

Spotlight effect

overestimating others noticing our appearance, performance, and blunders

self

the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts, feeling and actions

Self esteem

self worth

Self-efficiency

competence and effectiveness

self-serving bias

perceive oneself favorably

Individualist

One's goals over the goals of the group (Identity in Self)

Collectivist

Group's goals over oneself goals (Identity in group)

regression

retreating to earlier stage where you find comfort

(ex. before taking text, Aoi bites nail)

Reaction formation

saying/doing the opposite of an unacceptable impulse

(Ex. smiling to hide boredness of someone's talking)

Rationalization

Constructing phony explanations to hide the real reasons for behavior

(Ex. I'm smoking to get along with friends)

Displacement

Relocates the object of emotion, or desire, from unsafe

(Ex. destroy my phone when my girlfriend found cheat )

Denial

refusing to believe something is a problem (harder when older)

(Ex. do not wanna believe that my body got weaker as getting older)

Projection

Instead of admitting being a certain way, you accuse the other person of being that way

(ex. the guy is so fat and ugly -> I'm okay, better than him)

psychosexual stages

the childhood stages of development while the id's pleasure-seeking energies focus on distinct erogenous zones (Freud)

Oral Stage

Birth->18 months (Pleasure of mouth) -sucking, biting, chewing

Anal stage

18 months->3 years (Pleasure of anus) -feeling good when peeing

Phallic Stage

3 years->6 years (Pleasure of genitals) - know the difference of men and female

Latency Stage

6 years->puberty (Calm stage) -normal sexual feelings

Genital Stage

puberty->death (sex) - adult sexual interests